Term
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Definition
loss of superficial epidermis
Depressed, moist, glistening
Follows rupture of vesicle or bulla
Heals without scarring |
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Term
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Definition
deeper loss of both epidermis and even into dermis
Concave
Varies in size
Decubitus bed sore, stasis ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
Linear or vertical crack/split in the epidermis to the dermis
Moist or dry
Athlete’s foot, corner of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
Dried serum (yellow/brown), blood (black/red), purulent (yellow, yellow-green) exudates
Various sizes
Brown, red, black, tan, straw-colored
scab of sore |
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Term
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Definition
Heaped-up keratinized cells
Flacky skin
Irregular
Thick or thin
Varies in size |
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Term
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Definition
Linear erosion (hollowing out) of epidermis
Crusted
Abrasion or scratch
Scabies |
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Term
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Definition
Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis
Collection of new fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar
Grows beyond boundaries of the wound
Caused by extensive collagen formation during healing |
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Term
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Definition
Rough, thickened epidermis 2° persistent rubbing, itching, skin irritation
Often involves flexor surfaces of extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal skin thickening of the superficial layer of the epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
Thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin margins
Skin becomes translucent and paper-like
Atrophy
Stretch marks |
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Term
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Definition
Redness
Indicates inflammation 2° to increased blood flow to area
cellulitis, rosacea |
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Term
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Definition
Purplish color
Purpura, Kaposi’s Sarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
decreased redness due to lack of oxyhemoglobin
Best seen where the horny layer of the epidermis is the thinnest
Fingernails
Lips
mucosal membranes
palpebral conjunctiva
Assoiated with
Anemia
arterial insufficiciency\
h/o fainting |
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Term
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Definition
Bluish skin/mucous membranes
consistent with decreased oxygenation of blood
Central:
severe lung disease, heart disease
Peripheral:
venous obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
Jaundice/Icterus
sclera affected first, palpebral conjunctiva, under tongue
**Liver disease
Carotonemia
Involves palms, soles, face but spares sclera |
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Term
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Definition
Skin is darker than normal
tan, melasma, post-inflammatory change from light to dark |
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Term
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Definition
Skin is lighter than normal
post-inflammatory change from dark to light |
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Term
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Definition
Absence of any pigment
vitiligo, albino |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Irregular or geographic
Factitial dermatits |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory with a tendecy to vesiculate and crust |
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Term
| Skin exam what to look at |
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Definition
Texture- rough/smooth
Thickness- atrophy, aging, thinning
Temperature- warm of cool
Mobility and turgor- elastic, ease of moving lesion |
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Term
|
Definition
Grouped and disseminated
Linear, Gyrate, Annular, Arcuate, Serpiginous, Reticulated, Discrete, confluent, nunmular/discoid, bull's-eye, dermatoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fine or lace-like pattern |
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Term
|
Definition
in a cluster of group
herpes simplex |
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Term
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Definition
Circular or coin shaped
Exzema |
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Term
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Definition
Rings wit central duskiness
Erythema multiforme |
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Term
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Definition
Follows distribution of a nerve
Herpetiform or zosteriform |
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Term
|
Definition
Truncal (torso/back)
Dermatitis, Tinea
Acne
Cancer
Extensor (knee/elbow)
psoriasis
Flexor
atopic dermatitis
Photodistributed (sun-exposed)
cancer
Extremities
ulcers, cancer
Intertriginous (skin folds)
Candida, hidradinitis
Mucosal (eyes/mouth)
Face cancer, acne
Palms/soles fungal/tinea , warts |
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Term
| Classification of lesions |
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Definition
Type of Lesion
Color
Location/distribution
Arrangement/ shape/pattern
Texture
Size |
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Term
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Definition
Shape
Color
Surface irregularities
Abnormalities of specific structures |
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Term
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Definition
Increased angulation, curvature of the nail, and floating nail root
Idiopathic
COPD
Lung DZ
Malabsorption
Cirrhosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Spoon-shaped deformity
Normal in infants; resolves after first few years of life
Results from
Trauma
Recurrent exposure to petroleum-based solvents
Raynaud's Disease or Lupus
Iron Deficiency / Hemochromatosis |
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Term
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Definition
Literally means “loosening of the nail” in Greek
Separation of nail plate from nail bed
Begins at free edge and proceeds proximally
Causes include:
Trauma
Onychomycosis
Psoriasis
Thyrotoxicosis (Plummer’s nails) |
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Term
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Definition
Nails are pocked by multiple tiny depressions
May eventually cause the nail to crumble
Psoriasis, Chronic Dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Absence of nail or nails
Often traumatic
If multiple can be genetic |
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Term
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Definition
Longitudinal ridging
Can be a normal variant in patient >50 years old |
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Term
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Definition
Alopecia areata
Vitiligo
Atopic dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Transverse grooves on the fingernails of patient recovering from a serious illness
Due to arrested growth of matrix |
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Term
|
Definition
Characterized by whitening of proximal 80% of nail
Older patients
Heart failure
Cirrhosis
DM
2 ° Subungual edema |
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Term
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Definition
Transverse white lines distal to the cuticle
Cause include:
General illness
Poisonings |
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Term
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Definition
Half-and-half nails
Proximal half = White
Distal half = Pink
Chronic Renal Failure
2° subungual edema |
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Term
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Definition
Tiny and linear red hemorrhage
Extend from free margin of nail proximally
Trauma
Endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
Tinea unguium(fungal nail infection)
Characterized by
Hypertropy of the nail plate
Onycholysis
Dystrophic changes: yellowing of the nails |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of perionychium
Redness
Edema
Painful / tenderness |
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Term
| Aids for dermatologic Diagnosis |
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Definition
Skin exposure
Good lighting
Magnification
KOH prep
Tzanck Smear
Gram’s stain
Scabies prep
Skin biopsy |
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Term
|
Definition
Used for microscopic eval of scrapings
Used to detect fungal hyphae
KOH dissolves stratum corneum
Add scrapings & KOH and heat (if necessary |
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Term
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Definition
A test for assessing blanchability of cutaneous lesion
Performed by simply applying pressure with a finger or glass slide and observing color changes to determine if redness is due to:
Erythema (capillary dilation)
Vasculitis (extravasation of blood)
areas of blood extravasation will not blanch |
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Term
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Definition
Standard used to detect Herpes Simplex and
Herpes Zoster
Base of vesicle scraped and smeared on glass slide
Stained with Wright’s stain or Methylene blue
Diagnostic: the presence of multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
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Definition
Ultraviolet black light
Used to detect fungal infections
In a darkened room, it reveals fungal infections as sharply marginated patches of bright blue-green |
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Term
|
Definition
Can be bacterial, viral, or fungal
Fungal is nail or skin scrapings placed in culture medium |
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Term
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Definition
rapid technique
Some are disposable
Circular
size specific
neat scar
+/- suture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| does not remove entire lesion; provide entry to an area |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical barrier between the body and outside world
Protects the body from infection & injury and from UV rays
Body temperature regulation
Sensory organ providing sensation for
Touch
Pressure
Pain
Temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
Non-living, horny layer
Stratified layers of Keratincytes
Not found in mucous membranes
The Major Barrier |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Contains keratin-forming cells
Melanocytes
Langerhans’ cells – found throughout epidermis
Merkel’s cells |
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Term
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Definition
Connective Tissue
Collagen fibers
Reticulin fibers
Elastin fibers
Cellular Elements
Fibroblasts – form collagen
Mast cells – contain histamine
Macrophages, Lymphocytes
Ground Substance
Amorphous matrix of proteins |
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Term
|
Definition
Fat layer
Contains:
Large blood vessels
Nerves
Lymphatics
Base of
hair follicles
sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Serves as:
Insulation for retaining heat
Shock absorber |
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Term
|
Definition
Thin
Inconspicuous
relatively unpigmented |
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Term
|
Definition
Scalp, brow, extremities, pubic, axillae
coarser thicker
more conspicuous
typically pigmented |
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Term
|
Definition
Growing phase
x 2-5 yrs
85-90% of scalp hair
↓ with age/male pattern baldness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| initial lesion, beginning of most skin diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
subsequent lesions that develop during the evolutionary process of skin disease or are created by scratching or infection
Maybe the only type of lesion present |
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Term
| Flat, non palpable lesions |
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Definition
Macule < 1 cm
Patch > 1 cm |
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Term
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Definition
< 1 cm area of skin or mucous membrane
may have non-palpable, fine scale
i.e. freckle |
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Term
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Definition
> 1 cm area of skin or mucous membranes
different color from surrounding tissue
May have non-palpable, fine scale |
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Term
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Definition
1 – 2 cm
Circumscribed, elevated, solid
Dermal or subdermal |
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Term
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Definition
<1cm
discrete, solid, elevated, firm
circumscribed
Wart or elevated moles |
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Term
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Definition
>2cm
Larger version of nodule
Benign or malignant |
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Term
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Definition
>1cm
Elevated, firm, rough lesions
with flat top surface
**Surface area > height
Psoriasis, Seborrheic/actinic
keratoses |
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Term
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Definition
No size
Elevated, irregular-shaped
area of cutaneous edema
Solid, transient, variable diameter
Hives or whelts
Insect bites
PPD |
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Term
|
Definition
< 1 cm
Elevated, circumscribed
Superficial, not into dermis
Filled with serous fluid
Varicella
Herpes Zoster |
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Term
|
Definition
< 1 cm
Elevated, superficial
Vesicle filled with
purulent material (pus)
Acne
Impetigo |
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Term
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Definition
Vesicle that is > 1 cm
Blister
Pemphigous vulagaris |
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Term
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Definition
No size
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion
Filled with liquid (purulent)
or semisolid substance that is surrounded by a membranous sac
Sebaceous cyst
Cystic acne |
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Term
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Definition
Visible, persistent, dilation of small
superficial cutaneous blood vessels
Rosacea Acne |
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Term
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Definition
Bright red
Blanch with pressure to central area
faintly pulsatile
consists of a
central arteriole with slender projections resembling spider legs
Liver failure |
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Term
|
Definition
Most commonly found on the
Face
Scalp
Back
chest
Usually gone by age ten |
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Term
|
Definition
A.k.a. “SPIDER VEINS”
A dilated veins that form a spider like pattern
Larger and darker than spider angiomas (less red and more violaceous and blue)
2° to increased venous pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Bright red papule
1-3 mm in size
Sometimes surrounded by a pale halo
Usually found on trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes (bruise)
2°extravasation of blood with color change over time
characteristic transition of color ranging from blue-black, brown-yellow, or green |
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Term
|
Definition
Small 1-2 mm
non-blanchable purpuric macules
2° tiny hemorrhages |
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Term
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Definition
Raised/palpable
Red/violaceous
Skin or mucous membranes
Due to vascular inflammation in skin & extravasation of red blood cells |
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