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Taxonomy
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
42
Biology
10th Grade
01/22/2009

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Term
Taxonomy
Definition
Study of Classification
Term
Classification
Definition
Grouping, separating & organizing organisms
Term
Nomenclature
Definition
System of naming
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Classified animals by where they lived; air, water and land
Term
Theophrastus
Definition
Classified plants by stem type; herbs, shrubs and trees
Term
Linnaeus
Definition
Father of modern classification; hierarchy of organisms (KPCOFGS)
Term
Kingdom
Definition
Largest of all groups of organisms; currently made of 6 categories
Term
Phylum
Definition
Smaller than kingdom, larger than class
Term
Class
Definition
Smaller than phylum but larger than order
Term
Order
Definition
Smaller than class but larger than family
Term
Family
Definition
Smaller than order but larger than genus
Term
Genus
Definition
First part of scientific name (always capitalized)
Term
Species
Definition
Second part of scientific name (always lowercase)
Term
Domain
Definition
Larger group than kingdom based on DNA and RNA; natural classification scheme
Term
Sub-
Definition
Level between two levels; connected to the level above (i.e. sub-species)
Term
Super-
Definition
In between level above the level below (i.e. super-phylum)
Term
Binomial
Definition
Two names; applies to Genus and species
Term
Latin
Definition
Language used in the science of classification; dead, doesn't change, universal
Term
Scientific Name
Definition
Genus and species of an organism; everyone agrees on this name
Term
Archaebacteria
Definition
Prokaryote, live in extreme conditions, unicellular & have no protein-carbohydrate cell wall; different DNA
Term
Eubacteria
Definition
Prokaryote, have regular DNA, have protein-carbohydrate cell wall, unicellular
Term
Plantae
Definition
Eukaryote, autotroph, multicellular, carbohydrate cell wal,lsessile
Term
Animalia
Definition
Eukaryote, heterotroph, multicellular, no cell wall, some both asexual and sexual,others just sexual, motile
Term
Fungi
Definition
Eukaryote, heterotroph, some unicellular, most multicellular, sexual and asexual, often decomposers, sessile
Term
Protista
Definition
Eukaryote, unicellular, motile, all are "like" another group
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles; very small cells
Term
Autotroph
Definition
Organism that makes its own food; producer
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
Organism that has to get food from elsewhere; consumer
Term
Unicellular
Definition
One-celled
Term
Multicellular
Definition
Has multiple cells
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
Duplication of parent, no variation, simple mitosis; least expensive reproduction
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
Requires two parents, variation in offspring, uses meiosis; energy expensive
Term
Motile
Definition
Able to move; locomotion
Term
Sessile
Definition
Not able to move; no locomotion
Term
Biblical Kind
Definition
Organisms, similar to one another, able to reproduce fertile and viable offspring
Term
Ecotype
Definition
Group of similar organisms that are not able to interbreed; sometimes same species
Term
Migration
Definition
When a population moves to a new location
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Skill or trait that helps an organism survive
Term
Artificial Classification Scheme
Definition
System based on visible trait for classifying
Term
Natural Classification Scheme
Definition
System based on biochemistry (DNA, RNA & Protein) for classifying
Term
Dichotomous Key
Definition
Series of questions and answers used to identify an organism
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