Term
| What are the 4 classes of phylum cnidaria? |
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Definition
Hydrozoa: hydras
Scyphozoa: true jellies
Cubozoa: box jellies
Anthozoa: coral and sea anenomes |
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Term
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Definition
| stinging cell of a cnidarian |
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Term
| what is a nerve net and what does it consist of? |
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Definition
| a nerve net is a decentralized nervous system, and has no brain |
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Term
| what are two types of schyphozoans? |
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Definition
stinging nettle (atlantic)
lions mane jelly- largest jelly in the world, common to Natlantic waters |
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Term
| what is a schyphozoan larvae called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| medusal however reproduces in polyps |
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Term
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Definition
sea wasp:can kill 60-70 people with one sting
kills prey within 3 minutes
found in australia |
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Term
| body form of class anthozoa? |
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Definition
| always polyp...even in reproductoin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic photosynthetic algae living in coral reefs that provide them with oxygen and color |
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Term
| what is in phylum ctenophora and what are their characteristics? |
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Definition
comb jellies
radial symmetry
cannot sting
has biolumiescense |
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Term
| what are the classes of phylum platyhelmenthes? |
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Definition
turbellaria: marine flatworms and planaria
monogenea: flukes and fish parasites
trematoda: flukes and human parasites
cestoda: tapeworms and parasites |
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Term
characteristics of
platyhelmenthes |
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Definition
bilateral symmetry
triploblastic
centralized nervous system
incomplete digestive system |
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Term
| characteristics of turbellaria |
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Definition
only flatworms that are not parasites
usually predacious
rhabdites(mucus pathway to travel on)
consist of planaria and marine flatworms |
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Term
| characteristics of class monogenea |
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Definition
extoparasites of fish
live in gills and on scales |
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Term
| characteristics of class trematoda |
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Definition
all parasitic
usually vertebrates
usually found in humans
complex life cycles |
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Term
| examples of class trematoda |
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Definition
chinese liver fluke-
life in humans
causes cirrhosis
matures in snail
move to fish
infects humans that eat the infected fish
carp is most infected fish
schistosome fluke-
live in human blood
can cause massive inflammation
larvae matures in snails
infects human by burrowing into skin
copulation is continuous |
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Term
| characteristics of class cestoda |
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Definition
parasitic
always live in small inetestine of vertebrates
has two body regions
1.) scolex: anterior part with hook that holds on to intestine
2.) proglottid: preproductive sections
they have no digestive system
they get nutrients through absorbtion
do not cause a great amount of harm |
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Term
| examples of class cestoda |
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Definition
beef tapeworm-
eggs mature in cow muscle
humans eat beef and contract it
tapeworm matures in humans
pork tapeworm-
pigs serve as intermediate host
if humans get it, it burrows into their brain and can cause serious and fatal brain damage
common in north america
fish tapeworm-
fish serve as intermediate host
common in north america |
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Term
| characteristics of phylum rotifera |
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Definition
pseudocoleomate
complete digestive system
centralized nervous sytem
corona-cilia used for locomotion
frequently parthenogenic: females produce females
males and fertilized eggs are produced seasonally or as needed
mixis- females produce haploid eggs instead of diploid eggs
unfertilized eggs turn into haploid pales |
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Term
| characteristics of phylum nematoda |
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Definition
pseudocoleomate
cuticle - skin nonliving tissue
hydrostatic skeleton - makes it rigid and gives structure
complete digestive system
dioescious |
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Term
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Definition
ascaris: parasite in vertebrate digestive tract
-cannot complete life cycle in human
-end up in any body system
-very common in dogs
hookworm: lives in human digestive tract and sucks blood from intestines
-causes anemia
-common in southeastern US
-mature in human organs
-eggs hatch in soil and burrow into bare feet
pinworm: live in human digestive tract
-30% of all americans infected
-lives entire life cycles in digestive tract
-lays eggs around anus at night
filarial worm: lives in human lyphatic system; transmitted by mosquitoes
-causes elephantiasis |
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Term
| what are the characteristics of phylum mollusca? |
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Definition
respiratory system
-active transport of oxygen into blood
-semi-open circulatory system
-true coelomate
-metanephridia: regulates water and salt balance
-usually dioescious
-pronounced sephalization: cleare head with sensing structures and usually a large brain |
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Term
| characteristics UNIQUE to mollusks |
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Definition
foot: used for locomotion
shell: hardened outer covering
mantle: aread of the body that secrets the shell
radula: mouthparts
visceral mass: location of most internal body pars |
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Term
| what are the 4 classes of phylum molluska? |
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Definition
Gastropoda: snails
Polyplacophora: chitons
Bivalvia: clams oysters
Cephalopoda: octopus, squid |
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Term
| characteristics of class gastropoda |
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Definition
torsion: 180 degree reversal and twisting of versceral mass
-digestive tract twists on itself
-head can be drawn into mantle more easily
-gills are anterior and wont get clogged
-coiling spiral winding of shell and body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of polyplacophora |
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Definition
divided shell into 8 plates
-live in tide zones so shells suctions to rocks
all marine |
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Term
| characteristics of class bivalvia |
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Definition
no cephalization (pronounced head)
filter feeders
siphons in foot to help movement
nacre- inner layer of shell secreted by mantle(forms pearls)
dispersal of species- fishlike tail, attracts fish and spits its parasitic larvae on the fish to help it travel |
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Term
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Definition
freshwater mussels
-over 70% of us species are extinct of endangered
zebra mussels
-from russia
-popular in eastern US
-out-competes freshwater mussels and is causing extinction |
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Term
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Definition
Octopus
-very large prain
-capable of problem solving
-pronounced cephalization
-modified foot: tentacles
-has no internal shell
-has no external shell
-mouthpart is only hard part
-active predators
-closed circulation within blood vessels
-ink sac as defense
-internal fertilization
squid
-relativly large brain
-giant squid has largest eye in animal kingdom
-pen: internal shell secreted by mantle, acts as a skeleton inside the squid to provide internal support
-beak: radula modified into piercing structure |
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Term
| characteristics of phylum annalida |
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Definition
-true coelomates
-metamerism: body divided into segments because it increases movement
-parapodia: fleshy appendages on metameres that function as legs
-setae: hair like structure and end of parapodia
-closed circulation: blood in vessels
-nephridia: removes cellular waste and regulates salt and water balance |
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Term
| what are the 3 classes in phylum annalida? |
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Definition
Oligochaeta: earth worms (few hairs)
-short hair
-monoecious
-clitelum (band around body used for reproduction)
-pharynx: digests food, grinds up organic matter
-vermicomposting: recycling by worms
Polychaeta: marine worms
-large parapodia
-large amounts of hair
-all marine
-dioecious: do not have permanent sex organs
-atoke: regular part of worm lives under substrate
-epitokes: leaves worm to go reproduce
-filter feeder through radiole
Hirudinea - leeches
-monoecious
-clitellum only visable during breeding season
-usually aquatic
-ectoparasite: outside body
-attach with posterior sucker
-feed with anterior mouthparts
-saliva contains antiocoagulants |
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Term
| what are characteristics of anthropoda? |
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Definition
more arthropods than anything else on earth
-metamerism (segments)
-tagmatization: fusion of segments into body regions
-exoskeleton: hardened cuticle functions as skin and skeleton..always needs to be shedded
-ecdysis: shedding exoskeleton and growing a new one
-semi-open circulation
-respiratory system |
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Term
| what are the 4 subphylums of anthropoda? |
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Definition
crustacea
myriapoda
cheliceriformes
hexapoda |
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Term
| what are characteristics of crustacea? |
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Definition
-two tagmata
1.) cephalothorax (head)
2.) abdomen (tail)
-5 pairs of walking legs on cephalothorax
-two pairs of antennae
-6 pairs of mouthparts
-five pairs of swimming legs on abdomen
-biramous appendages (branching)
-mostly aquatic except for pill bug and hermit crab |
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Term
| what are the 4 classes of crustacea? |
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Definition
branciopoda=daphnia
-phyllopodia: walking legs used for respiration
-swim with antennules
copepoda=copepods
-swim with antennae
cirripedia=barnacles
-secrete shell over exoskeleton
-filter feeders
malacostraca= shrimp, crabs, etc
-legs modified for locomotion
-walking swimming or active feeding
*Order Isopoda- pill bugs
**cephalothoracic and abdominal legs have similar form and function
*Order Amphipoda- scud, beachhoppers
**legs modified for jumping and swimming
*Order Decopoda- lobsters, crabs, crayfish
**modified legs into pinchers
**exoskeleton made of chitin |
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Term
| what are characteristics of subphylum myriapoda |
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Definition
elongate bodies
most segments with appendages are used for locomotion |
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Term
| what are the 2 classes of Myriapoda? |
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Definition
Chilopoda-centipedes
-two tagmata: head with mouth and sense organs and trunk with a series of segments each with one pair of legs
-do not have poison in fangs-->it is in their claws
-can kill small dogs
-popular in arizona
Diplopoda-millipedes
-two tagmata with same funtion as centipedes
-can grow up to a foot long |
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Term
| characteristics of echinodermata (starfish) |
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Definition
-deuterostomates
-they start off as larvae with bilateral symmetry and a centralized nervous system, and as they grow up they become radially symmetrical and loose their brain.
-they have a dermal endoskeleton inside the body which can poke through the skin and make spines
-they have a water vascular system which is a series of hydraulic tubes throughout the body that carry water
-the very bottom of the feet have suckers called hydraulic suction cups used to hold onto a rock
-strong enough to open an oyster
-decentralized nervous system
-ability to regenerate appendages |
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Term
| name the 5 classes of echinodermata |
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Definition
Asteroidean: sea stars
-live in shallow water
-pentaranial symmetry
Ophiuroidea: brittle stars
-very skinny and arms easily fall off as defense
-pentaranial symmetry
-"grown of thorns" has dermal endoskeleton with thorns; found in australia
Echinoidea: sea urchins and sand dollars
-no real symmetry
-no real appendages
-found in shallow water usually
Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers
-squirting mucus as defense
-bilateral symmetry
-never radially symmetrical
Crinoidea: feather stars
-most primitive of all echinoderms
-water vascular system is used for filter feeders
-all their arms extract nutriends |
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Term
| what are characteristics of phylum chordata? |
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Definition
-notochord: semirigid dorsal tube extending for most of the bodys length
-dorsal nerve cord: spinal cord containing centralized nervous system, all nerves feed to one place, can englarge to create the brain
-pharyngeal gill slits: respiratory opening in the head and neck area
-post-anal tail: tail that is posterior to the anus used for locomotion. humans have coccyx or tail bone
-true endoskeleton: full body structure
-deuterostomate: anus forms before the mouth and has intermediate embryos |
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Term
| what are the 3 subphylums chordata? |
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Definition
cephalochordata: lancelets
-have all 4 characteristics
-all marine
-filter feeders
urochordata: sea squirts
-no notochord
-no dorsal nerve cord
-no post anal tail
-DO HAVE gills
-all of these traits are possessed as a baby but get lost during metamorphose into adults
-loose brain when become adults (less food needs)
Craniata(vertibrata): fish, birds, mamals
-vertibral column: hardened notochord containing dorsal nerve chord (spine) composed of individual vertebrae
-cranium: vertibral column enlarged to house the brain
-most complex and centralized nerve system
-gills and tail sometimes only present in larvae |
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Term
| what are the two superclasses of subphylum craniata? |
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Definition
Agnatha(no jaws) lampreys and hagfish
-jawless fish
-mouth is essentially a hole
-cannot chew
gnathostomata
all different pretty things |
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Term
| what are the 2 classes of superclass Agnatha? |
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Definition
Myxini- hagfish
-live in abyssal zone at bottom of the ocean (miles down)
-feed on dead and dying fish
-ties itself into knot and rips hole in the fish
Petromyzontida - lampreys
-marine and reshwater habitats
-ectoparasites of fish
-suck blood of fish |
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Term
| what are the 5 classes of superclass Gnathostomata? |
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Definition
Chondrichthyes -cartilage fish (sharks, rays, skates)
-cartilaginous endoskeleton
-sharks and relatives
Osteichythyes- bony endoskeleton, operculum, swim bladder
-ray-finned fish and lob-finned fish
Amphibia-frogs,toads, salamanders caecilians
-rudimentary lungs, dependence on water for reproduction
Reptilia- amniotic vertibrates
-paraphyletic clade
-birds
mammalia- hair, endothermic metabolis, 4chambered heart, mammary glands, monotreme (egg) marsupial(pouch) eutherian(placenta) |
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Term
| what are the 3 orders of class amphibia? |
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Definition
urodela: salamanders
anura: frogs and toads
apoda: legless caecilians |
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Term
| what are the 3 orders of class reptilia? |
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Definition
chelonia- turtle and tortoise
-hard shell
squamata- snakes and lizzards
-forked tongues
crocodilia- crocs and alligators
-unique jaw |
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