Term
| H+, pH determines how sour something is |
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Definition
| what molecule/ion is responsible for sour sensations? |
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Term
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Definition
| what molecule/ion is responsible for determining salty tastes? |
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Term
| sugars, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, some amino acids |
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Definition
| what molecule/ion is/are responsible for determining sweet tastes? |
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Term
long chain organic substances containing Nitrogen, alkaloids
ex: caffeine, nicoteine, some toxins |
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Definition
| what molecule/ion is responsible for determining bitter sensations |
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Term
L-glutamate, anything with a pleasant savory, brothy/meaty taste
ex: fish, cheeses, spinach(MSG) |
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Definition
| what molecule/ion is responsible for determining umami? |
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Term
1) Bitter(quinine) 0.000008 M
2) Sour(HCl) 0.0009 M
3) Sweet 0.01 M
3) Salty 0.01 M
remember bitter is most sensitive because many toxins are bitter |
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Definition
| list the tastes in order of most sensitivity, to least sensitivity of the tongue to detect them |
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Term
| IBU, international BITTERing units |
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Definition
| how are beers rated based on their hops content? |
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Term
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Definition
| taste hairs project from taste cells, modified epithelial cells, into the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| what releases neurotransmitters to stimulate nerve fibers and relay the sensation of taste? |
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Term
| 1, but if there is high enough concentration of another taste/chemical, the taste bud will respond to it |
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Definition
| how many tastes/chemicals does a taste bud respond to? |
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Term
| 3-10 thousand, ALL OVER THE TONGUE -MW (NOT WM, Willard Morrow) |
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Definition
| how many taste buds are there? where are they located? |
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Term
1) chemicals bind to the receptor on the taste hair
2) this opens ion channels leading to depolarization.
3)this release NT to stimulate the nerve fibers |
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Definition
| how are taste nerve stimulated? |
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Term
1) stimulation
2) glossopharyngeal or facial n
3) Nucleus of the solitary tract
4) thalamus
5) gustatory cortex |
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Definition
| describe the path of transmission to the CNS for taste |
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Term
| they come from the NTS, neurons stimulate the salivary glands (DROOL) |
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Definition
| where do taste reflexes come from? |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous stimulation resulting in a reduction in taste/smell |
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Term
receptor desensitization
CNS desensitization |
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Definition
| what 2 things cause adaptation? |
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Term
| if certain nutrients are needed, your body increases the sensitivty for them |
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Definition
| what causes "taste preference" |
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Term
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Definition
| when you eat something and puke and never eat it for like 5 years (Wacker and dime dogs) |
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Term
| over 100, around 1,000 perhaps |
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Definition
| vision has 3 primary receptors, taste has 5, how many does smell have? |
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Term
| the cilia(hair) of olfactory cells(bipolar neurons) |
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Definition
| where are the receptrors for smell? |
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Term
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Definition
| where are the smell receptros located? |
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Term
Gs-adenylase cyclase
-> cAMP
-> opens Na+ channels
-> depolarizes bipolar neuron
-> travels through olfactory nerve |
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Definition
| what (secondary messengers)pathway is stimulated by smell receptros? |
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Term
stimulation
-> olfactory nerve
-> olfactory bulb
-> olfactory tract
-> medial and lateral olfactory areas
-> amygdala, hippocampus,, hypothalmus
NO THALAMUS |
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Definition
| describe the pathway of transmission to the CNS of smell |
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Term
the hippocampus,
ex of a smell reflex: how smell triggers salivation |
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Definition
| what are the pavliovian responses connected with? |
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Term
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Definition
| if you remember a bad experience, there is a connection to the hippocampus that may cause you to associate it with a smell |
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Term
for example smell can trigger emotions because there i a connection to the amygdala
-smells of animals trigger reproductive behavior |
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Definition
| what is affective nature? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the most attractive scent to men? |
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