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TAKS Terms to KNOW!
Basic Science Terms
55
Science
Not Applicable
04/12/2004

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Term
Acceleration
Definition
A measure of the rate of
change in the speed of an object over
time.
Term
Adaptation
Definition
A beneficial trait that
enables species to survive and reproduce.
Term
Amplitude
Definition
The "height" of a wavethe
distance between the midpoint and
the top of a crest or bottom of a trough.
Term
Atom
Definition
The basic building block of
matter that has all the properties of
matter.
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Single-celled organisms that
lack a nucleus.
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
A measure of the variety
of living things in an ecosystem.
Term
Biomass
Definition
An estimate of the biological
mass of all living things in a given area.
Term
Buoyancy
Definition
A force that results when
objects displace a liquid or gas.
Term
Carbon cycle
Definition
A summary of how
carbon moves through an ecosystem.
Term
Cell
Definition
The basic building block of living
things that can perform basic life.
functions.
Term
Chemical change
Definition
Any change that
alters the chemical properties of the
atoms or molecules in an object.
Term
Chemical equation
Definition
A series of
chemical formulas and symbols that
show the reactants and products in a
reaction.
Term
Chemical formula
Definition
Symbols and
subscripts that identify the type and
number of elements in a substance.
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
An organelle in a plant
cell that carries out photosynthesis.
Term
Circulatory system
Definition
A human body
system that transports nutrients and
wastes throughout the body.
Term
Coefficient
Definition
Whole number multiplier
that appears before a chemical formula in
an equation that is used to balance the
equation.
Term
Commensalism
Definition
A symbiotic
relationship where one organism benefits
without harming the other.
Term
Conclusion
Definition
An interpretation based on
research, experience, and data.
Term
Conduction
Definition
A method of transferring
heat that involves direct contact.
Term
Confidence
Definition
The level of certainty one
feels that data, inferences, and theories
reflect an accurate picture of the real
world.
Term
Control group
Definition
Part of an experiment
that is not subjected to the variable so
that it can be compared to the
experimental group.
Term
Convection
Definition
A method of transferring
heat where the movement of a liquid or
gas carries the heat.
Term
Covalent bond
Definition
A bond that involves sharing electrons between two or more atoms.
Term
Density
Definition
A property of matter equal to the mass divided by the volume.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
The variable that measures the effects of changes in the independent variable.
Term
Digestive system
Definition
A system that breaks
down food and releases the stored energy.
Term
Dissociate
Definition
When an ionic compound
separates into ions in a solution.
Term
DNA
Definition
A nucleic acid found in cells that
A nucleic acid found in cells that
Carries the blueprints for all of the cell's
activities and stores and transmits genetic
information.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All of the living and
nonliving parts interacting in a given
area.
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
A solution containing ions
that conducts electricity.
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
A measure of how
strongly an atom will attract an electron.
Term
Element
Definition
A substance made of only one
kind of atom.
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
An organelle
that transports materials through the cell.
Term
Energy
Definition
The ability to do work.
Term
Evolution
Definition
A process by which
populations of living things change over
time.
Term
Experiment
Definition
An artificial situation
where a scientist controls the variables.
Term
Experimental group
Definition
The part of an
experiment subjected to a change in the
independent variable.
Term
Extinction
Definition
When all members of a
species die out.
Term
Fluid
Definition
A substance that flows, taking the
shape of the container that holds it,
including gases and liquids.
Term
Food chain
Definition
The feeding order among
populations that prey on one another.
Term
Food web
Definition
Two or more interconnected
food chains.
Term
Frequency
Definition
The number of waves that
pass a given point in a given amount of
time.
Term
Glucose
Definition
A molecule created during
photosynthesis that stores large amounts
of energy.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
A process that breaks down
glucose into pyruvic acid.
Term
Group
Definition
One of eighteen vertical columns
in the Periodic Table.
Term
Heat
Definition
The transfer of energy as a result
of a temperature difference.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The state in which a
The state in which a natural system is balanced and tends to
maintain that balance; the ability of a
living thing to maintain the constant
internal environment needed to function
and survive.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A possible, testable
explanation to a scientific question.
Term
Immune system
Definition
A human body
system that fights disease and invaders.
Inclined plane A simple machine like
a ramp.
Term
Independent variable
Definition
The variable
changed by the experimenter.
Term
Inference
Definition
A deduction or assumption
based on observation.
Term
Integumentary system
Definition
(skin) A
system that provides a barrier between
the organism and the environment.
Term
Interference
Definition
The process by which two
or more waves interact.
Term
Investigation
Definition
The systematic approach
to answering scientific questions.
Term
Ion
Definition
A charged atom that has gained or
lost electrons.
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