Term
| Where is the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone |
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Term
| What are the two embryological precursors of the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
1. Oral ectoderm (Rathke's Pouch) - Anterior pituitary
2. Diencephalon - Posterior pituitary |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
1. Pars distalis (ant. pituitary)
2. Pars tuberalis ( surrounds neural stalk)
3. Pars intermedia (vestigial) |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the posterior pituitary? |
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Definition
1. Neural stalk
2. Pars Nervosa |
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Term
| What are 3 sites of neuroendocrine hormone production? |
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Definition
1. Post Pituitary - peptides are synthesized by the secretory neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. These are transported along axons to the neurohypophysis
2. Ant. Pituitary - Neurons in the hypothalamus - peptides are released in the median eminence and transported to the anterior pituitary via a capillary portal system.
3. Ant. Pituitary - hormones are synthesized by the pars distalis |
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Term
| What is the Pars Distalis made up of and what does it produce? |
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Definition
It is made up of glandular cells surrounded by capillaries
Cells include: chromophobes and chromophils (acidophils and basophils)
Hormones include: GH, prolactin, FSH, LH, MSH, TSH, ACTH |
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Term
| What is the Pars Intermedia made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the cells of the Pars Tuberalis arranged and what do they secrete? |
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Definition
They are arranged in cords along blood vessels, which surround the neural stalk
The cells secrete FSH or LH |
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Term
| Where are hormones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei stored? |
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Definition
| In the posterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| They are storage vessicles that store hormones of the Pars Nervosa of the post. pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| They are highly branched glial cells that regulate the exit of secretory granules in the neurohypophysis (oxytocin and ADH) |
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Term
| What is affected in diabetic patients who have polyuria? |
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Definition
| The neurohypophysis of the post. pituitary is affected in diabetic patients. The synthesis of oxytocin and ADH occurs in the neurohypophysis |
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Term
| What are the adrenal glands derived from embryologically? |
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Definition
| The coelemic epithelium and neural crest |
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Term
| How does regulation of the metabolic activity of the adrenal gland differ in the medulla vs. the cortex? |
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Definition
| In the cortex, the regulation comes from ACTH from the ant. pituitary. The adrenal medulla is regulated by the sympathetic NS. |
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Term
| What do the hormones of the adrenal cortex regulate? |
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Definition
| Metabolism (corticosteroids), maintain normal electrolyte balance (aldosterone), and influence reproductive organs (weak androgens) |
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Term
| What are the three concentric zones of the adrenal cortex and what do they do? |
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Definition
1. Zona glomerulosa - (salt - aldosterone)
2. Zona Fasiculata - (Sugar - cortisol)
3. Zona Reticularis - (sex hormones) |
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Term
| What are spongyocytes and where are they found? |
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Definition
| They are lipid storage and are found in the zona fasiculata |
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Term
| Where are lipofuschin granules present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla? |
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Definition
| 1. Catecholamines - epi and norepinephrine |
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