Term
| How does sexual reproduction involve the cyclic alternation of diploid and haploid states? |
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Definition
| Diploid cells divide by meiosis to from haploid gametes, and the haploid gametes from two individuals fuse at fertilization to form a new diploid cell. |
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Term
| How are the maternal and paternal chromosomes of a diploid cell parceled out to gametes during meiosis? |
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Definition
| So that each gamete receives one copy of each chromosome. Because the assortment of the two members of each chromosome pair occurs at random, many genetically different gametes can be produced from a single individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| This ensures the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes and enhances the genetic reassortment that occurs during meiosis by exchanging genes between them |
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Term
| What is difference in the products of meiosis and mitosis? |
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Definition
| Meiosis produces four genetically dissimilar haploid cells by two consecutive cell divisions, while mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells by a single division. |
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Term
| Who unraveled the laws of heredity by studying the inheritance of a handful of discrete traits in garden peas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Mendel's law of segregation state? |
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Definition
| That the maternal and paternal alleles for a trait separate from one another during gamete formation, then reunite at random during fertilization. |
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Term
| What does Mendel's law of independent assortment state? |
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Definition
| That during gamete formation, different alleles segregate independently of each other. |
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Term
TRUE/FALSE:
If two genes are close to each other on a chromosome, they tend to be inherited as a unit. |
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Definition
TRUE.
In fact, the frequency of recombination between them can be used to construct a genetic map that shows the order of genes on a chromosome. |
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Term
| T/F Mutant alleles are almost always recessive. |
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Definition
FALSE
Mutant alleles can be either dominant or recessive. |
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Term
| If a heterozygous organism has a mutant phenotype, the mutant allele must be (dominant/recessive); and if it has a normal phenotype, the mutant allele must be (dominant/recessive) |
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Definition
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Term
| What do complementation tests reveal? |
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Definition
| Whether two mutations that produce the same phenotype lie in the same gene or in different genes. |
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