Term
| What type of cells propagate genetic information into the next generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 mains type of genetic change which contribute to Evolution? |
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Definition
Mutations within a gene
Gene duplication
Gene deletion
Exon Shuffling
Horizontal (intercellular) gene transfer |
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Term
| What are point mutations? |
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Definition
| Rare errors in DNA replication and lack of repair (about one in 10^10) |
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Term
| How does duplicating genes affect evolution? |
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Definition
| Once a gene has been duplicated, one of the two copies is free to mutate and create a new gene. Repeated rounds of this Duplication and Divergence over millions of years allows one gene to give rise to a whole gamily of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| exons can be duplicated between two different genes, joining together two initially separate exons that code for quite different protein domains |
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Term
| Do transposable elements (transposons) affect evolution? |
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Definition
| Yes, they can disrupt the function or alter the regulation of existing genes, sometimes they can create new genes |
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Term
| What is an example of transposons affecting evolution? |
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Definition
| A number of the mutations in the Factor VIII gene that cause hemophilia in humans result from the insertion of transposons in the gene |
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Term
| What is horizontal gene transfer? |
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Definition
| the exchange of genes or other portions of genomes between individuals of different species |
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Term
| What is meant by genetic drift? |
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Definition
| A type of evolutionary divergence due to random mutation largely unconstrained by selection pressures |
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Term
| What is conserved synteny? |
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Definition
| Regions of DNA where corresponding genes that began as neighbors have remained neighbors, strung together in the same sequence in both species |
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Term
| What is purifying selection? |
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Definition
| The elimination of individuals carrying mutations that interfere with important functions |
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Term
| Most of the genetic variation in the human genome takes the form of single base changes called _____________________ |
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Definition
| Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) |
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