Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is so special about DNA that it can hold information? |
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Definition
| X-ray diffraction showed the double helix, which gives potential for replication and information storing |
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Term
| What holds DNA strands together? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonds between the bases (A, T, G,C) on the different strands |
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Term
| What are the ends of DNA strands? |
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Definition
| the 3' hydroxyl and the 5' phosphate |
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Term
| How many bases per helical turn are in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA strands run __________ to each other |
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Definition
| Antiparallel, that is, polarities are reversed |
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Term
| The complete set of information in an organism's DNA is called its... |
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Definition
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Term
| Each human cell contains how many meters of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How large is the Eucaryotic ?cell nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria have what sort/shape of DNA? |
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Definition
| Single, circular DNA molecule |
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Term
| The complex of DNA and protein is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The only nonhomologous chromosomes in humans are... |
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Definition
| Sex chromosomes in males, Y from father and X from mother |
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Term
| A display of the full set of 46 chromosomes is called the human... |
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Definition
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Term
| A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a certain protein is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
| Two concentric membranes punctured by pores which actively transport into the cytosol |
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Term
| What's up with the nucleolus? |
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Definition
| The most prominent nuclear structure during interphase, it's a bundle of DNA which codes for and synthesizes rRNA, rRNA combines w/ proteins to form ribosomes |
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Term
| The cell's protein-synthesizing machines are called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The proteins that bind to the DNA to form eucaryotic chromosomes are called... |
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Definition
| Histones. There are also nonhistone chromosomal proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| The first and most fundamental level of chromatin packing - beads on a string (w/ a ball of histone proteins in the middle and DNA wound around |
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Term
| What helps the 4 histones in the nucleosome core to bind to DNA? |
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Definition
| Positive charges of lysine and arginine attract negative sugar-phosphate backbone |
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Term
| How are the nucleosomes of DNA packed even further? |
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Definition
| the 30-nm fiber, a zig-zag model |
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Term
| The most highly condensed form of interphase chromatin is called... |
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Definition
| heterochromatin. Most of it doesn't contain genes |
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Term
| T/F both X chromosomes in a female can be completely inactivated by heterochromatin formation |
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Definition
| False. One of the X chromosomes is condensed this way in female embryos, so that only the condensed and inactive state is inherited |
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Term
| What are chromatin remodeling complexes? |
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Definition
| Protein machines which hydrolyze ATP to change the structure of nucleosomes, allowing on-demand access to DNA |
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Term
| What do the N-terminus histone tails do? |
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Definition
| They facilitate in allowing access to DNA by attracting proteins to either condense or relax DNA packing. They are modified by enzymes |
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Term
| Which are stronger, G-C base pairs or A-T base pair? |
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Definition
| G-C pairs because they have 3 hydrogen bonds which A-T only has 2 |
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Term
What is complementary to:
5'-GGATTTGTC-3' |
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Definition
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Term
| In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 13% of the nucleotides are adenine, what are the otherS? |
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Definition
| 13% T, (74/2) C, (74/2) G |
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Term
| T/F Each eucaryotic chromosome must contain the following DNA sequence elements: multiple origins of replication, two telomers, and one centromere. |
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Definition
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