Term
| What are the cellular components of connective tissue? |
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Definition
Indigenous cells - mesenchyme, fibroblast, mast cell, adipocyte
Immigrant cells - macrophage, plasma cells
Transcient cells - lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils |
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Term
| Where is reticular connective tissue found? |
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Definition
Bone morrow, lymph nodules, nodes, and spleen
Reticular connect tissue forms a network that supports cells in myeloid and lyphoid organs |
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Term
| What is the function of fibroblasts? |
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Definition
| They synthesize the macromolecules of the extracellular matrix |
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Term
What is the major secretory product of mast cells?
Where are mast cells found?
What stimulates mast cells? |
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Definition
The major secretory product is histamine; also secretes heparin sulfate
Mostly found in respiratory airways, peritoneal cavity, skin associated with small blood vessels
Stimulated during allergic reactions by binding of IgE cell surface receptors that cause mast cell degranulation |
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Term
| Which type of cell is said to have a signet ring morphology? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the function of plasma cells?
From what cell type do they differentiate? |
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Definition
Synthesis of IgG and IgE
B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells |
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Term
| Most neurons in the CNS are what type of neuron? |
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Definition
| Interneurons involved in integrative functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Basophilic staining region of ribosomes and ER in neurons |
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Term
| What is the most common type of neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are pseudounipolar neurons? |
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Definition
| Sensory neurons found in dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
| What are the 3 major layers of nerves? |
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Definition
Epineurium - dense CT surrounding outer surface of nerves
Perineurium - layer of flattened cells surrounding nerve fiber bundles
Endoneurium - delicate CT surrounding each nerve fiber |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of dorsal root ganglia? |
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Definition
| Contain pseudounipolar neurons; distal processes possess sensory ending; proximal process form dorsal root; no synapses in DRG (relay only) |
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Term
| Where does mature cartilage derive its blood supply? |
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Definition
From the perichondrium
Mature cartilage is avascular |
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Term
| What is appositional growth? What is interstitial growth? |
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Definition
Appositional growth is growth from the surface perichondrium; perichondrial cells develop into chondroblasts into chondrocytes
Interstitial growth is within cartilage; dividing chondrocytes form isogenous groups |
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Term
| What is periosteum? endosteum? |
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Definition
Tough limiting layer of dense connective tissue surrounding compact bone
Endosteum is a layer of osteogenic cells that line the marrow surface of bone; it is much thinner than the periosteum and is found in both compact and cancellous bone |
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Term
| What are interstitial lamellae? |
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Definition
| The angular regions of parallel lamellae between neighboring osteons not arranged around blood vessels |
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Term
| What are the zones in long bone formation? |
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Definition
Zone of resting cartilage
Zone of proliferating cartilage
Zone of hypertrophy
Zone of calcifying cartilage
Zone of ossification |
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Term
| Which 4 cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerve fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are paravertebral ganglia located? |
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Definition
| On each side of the vertebrae and are connected to form the sympathetic chain or trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| Bead-like structures where neurotransmitters are synthesized and stored in vesicles; this is also where ANS neurons form synapses with the target tissues |
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Term
| What effect does secretory diarrhea have on ICF and ECF? |
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Definition
The loss of fluid does not change the osmolality of the ECF and therefore there is no net water shift from the ICF to the ECF
Decrease in ECF results in a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure |
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Term
| What is the effect of water deprivation on ICF and ECF? |
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Definition
| There is a net shift in water from ICF to ECF until ICF osmolality increases to match that of ECF |
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Term
| What are the three connective layers of muscle CT called? |
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Definition
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers that innervate it |
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Term
| Which type of muscle has no T-tubule system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Actin and intermediate filaments inserted into cytoplasmic and membrane structure |
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Term
| True or False: The A band length changes depending on whether the mucle is contracting or not |
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Definition
False, the length of the A band remains constant
The I band narrows during contraction |
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Term
| What is the difference between isometric and isotonic contraction? |
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Definition
Isometric - work stroke is curtailed, so there is minimal sliding of filaments, but force is produced
Isotonic - crossbridges cycle, moving the thin filament, detach and reattach to a new actin site further along on the thin filament as the filaments slide |
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