Term
|
Definition
| Na/K pump med that lowers pulse rate |
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause slower AV node conduction to slow, contractility to increase and increases intracellular Ca++? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are SE of Na/K pump meds? |
|
Definition
| blurred vision, 'ice blue' tinge to color, haloes on dark objects |
|
|
Term
| What is verapamil's mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do CCB's do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| decrease contractility, slow HR by interfering with SA and AV node repolarization |
|
|
Term
| What can Beta blockers do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| block epinephrine, cause decreased HR and contractility |
|
|
Term
| What is a cardiac CI for beta blocker |
|
Definition
| severe heart block patients |
|
|
Term
| What three classes of drugs act on the Renin-Angiotensin system to treat HTN? |
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II antagonists, Renin inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What HTN drugs are protective of the kidney for diabetics beyond what the BP drop alone would imply? |
|
Definition
| Renin-Angiotensin acting drugs |
|
|
Term
| What HTN tx may initially work but then rebound back to previous levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diuretics used for renal, cardiac, and BP tx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bumetanide is stronger, furosemide is more commonly Rx'd |
|
|
Term
| Name two potassium sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
| spironolactone, triamterene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a weak diuretic to treat glaucoma or disc edema |
|
|
Term
| What are osmotic diuretics used for? |
|
Definition
| glaucoma: mannitol, urea, isosorbide |
|
|
Term
| When is dialysis initiated? |
|
Definition
| When GFR < 10 ml/min for non DM; <15 ml/min for DM |
|
|
Term
| Name 7 s/sx that can inititate dialysis tx |
|
Definition
| uremia, low GFR rate, persistent edema, acidosis, hyperkalemia, HF, encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 typos of kidney replacement therapies |
|
Definition
| hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation |
|
|
Term
| What is the fluid that absorbs toxins during dialysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often is hemodialysis needed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hemodialysis poor at removing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis |
|
|
Term
| What dialysis tx has fewer dietary restrictions? |
|
Definition
| peritoneal dialysis has fewer than hemodialysis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three drugs used to prevent organ rejection in renal transplantation? |
|
Definition
| corticosteroid, calcineurin inhibitor, anti-metabolite |
|
|
Term
| What does calcineurin inhibitor do? How does it work? |
|
Definition
| Prevent organ rejection; decrease T-cell IL-2 production |
|
|
Term
| What do anti-metabolite drugs do? |
|
Definition
| Prevent organ rejection; stops lymphocyte proliferation and activation |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 risks of long term corticosteroid use |
|
Definition
| cataract, glaucoma, papilledema |
|
|
Term
| What is Kaposi's sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| malignancy induced by renal transplant |
|
|
Term
| What does renal transplant do to incidence of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications are toxic to kidney? |
|
Definition
| aminoglycosides and tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| what is the tetracycline that is NOT toxic to the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two ocular dz's are increased by CKD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ca++ sulfate and phosphate ppt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is damaged in ATN, what is the result? |
|
Definition
| epithelial cells drop ion transport; endothelins increase, nitric oxide is reduced, PG's are reduced --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What happens to serum levels in ATN? |
|
Definition
| decreased blood volume, increased waste in blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the main s/sx of malignant HTN? |
|
Definition
| ocular anomalies due to increased BP |
|
|
Term
| What dz is caused by fibrosis induced stenosis of tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is released in malignant HTN that exacerbates things? |
|
Definition
| renin --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What do steroids do in ARF? |
|
Definition
| cause it, by inhibiting PG synth --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 glomelular dz's |
|
Definition
| nephrotic synd, nephritic synd, MPGN |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 tubule and interstitial dz's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some DDx's of Nephritic vs Nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
Nephrotic: Massive Proteinura, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, pitting edema
Nephritic synd: hematuria and lesser proteinuria, oliguria, HTN due to salt/fluid retention, |
|
|
Term
| What are some similarities between Nephrotic and Nephritic? |
|
Definition
| both have edema that starts at eyelids, both have protienuria though nephrotic more severe. |
|
|
Term
| What presents with HTN, nephrotic or nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tx may cause steroid dependence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two RAS related tx for nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II antagonists ( ARB's) |
|
|
Term
| Does nephrotic or nephritic syndrome require thrombo-prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does strep infection precede nephritic or nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is nephritic syndrome most common? |
|
Definition
| In children, and during summer/fall |
|
|
Term
| After strep pyoderma infection, what % will develop nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 rare causes of nephritic syndrome |
|
Definition
| SLE, subacute bacterial endocarditis, idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
salt restriction, diuretics
Complete recovery can take 1-2 years, though 90% will fully recover. Rarely causes chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What is MPGN also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does MPGN cause nephrotic or nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| nephrotic (note: MPGN causes HTN so nephrotic can be seen with HTN though it does not cause it) |
|
|
Term
| What presents with bilateral clustered drusen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are long term effects of MPGN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is 50% of the K absorbed in the kidney? |
|
Definition
| proximal tubule via active process |
|
|
Term
| What substances are 'linked' to absorbing together in the proximal tubule? |
|
Definition
| water, chloride are passively reabsorbed |
|
|
Term
| What makes the medula around the ascending loop of Henle very hypertonic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does ADH induce water reabsorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is important for absorbing Ca++ from the intestine? |
|
Definition
| calcitriol; it is dependent on Vit D |
|
|
Term
| What is the test for acute kidney damage? |
|
Definition
| NGAL or neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"HIPIA"
Heart dysfunction
Ionic dysfunction
Pulmonary edema
Infection
Anemia |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal CrCl rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a normal creatinine serum level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a short course HTN med? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is DOC for HTN in DM pt's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class uses the suffix "sartan" |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin II antagonists |
|
|
Term
| What suffix indicates a CCB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What HTN drug is no longer used due to CV problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clonidine: List what you know |
|
Definition
acts on CNS
Useful for HTN as it does not depend on kidney fxn
available as a patch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experimental endothelin receptor antagonist in phase III trials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2nd most common tumor in the kidney, often in kids (3rd most prev tumor). Often presents with aniridia. Good prognosis |
|
|
Term
| What does Von Hippel Lindau often appear with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast azotemia and uremia |
|
Definition
| Both are due to urea nitrogenic waste accumulation. Azotemia has not s/sx, uremia does have s/sx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial infection of kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| error of galactosidase A causes glycosphingolipid metabolism to fail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
burning sensation in hands
Spoke like cataract
Tortuous BV in conj
rash on butt, groin, thighs
hypohydrosis
corneal whorl or verticillata present in90%, first sx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test for it with enzyzme assay, then genetic testing.
IV enyzme replacement given every 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| what age does TINU affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is affected most often by TINU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of TINU pt's have bilateral uveitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of TINU pt's have bilateral uveitis as their first sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often does bilateral uveitis recur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of pt's have fever, weight loss, fatigue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glomeruli and renal vessels |
|
|
Term
| Is TINU acute or chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pyelonephritis, drugs or metabolic disorders, physical injury |
|
|
Term
| What is non-infectious TINU called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a thickened basement membrane of the glomerulus seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
