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Synthesis of Proteins
Transcription and Translation
9
Biology
11th Grade
11/21/2013

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Term
Transcription
Definition
The synthesis of an mRNA molecule using DNA as a template
Term
Translation
Definition
A process where the information contained in the mRNA is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the protein
Term
mRNA
Definition
An RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
Term
tRNA
Definition
An RNA molecule that transports an amino acid to the ribosome and places it in a position that is complementary to the mRNA
Term
Gene
Definition
Part of a DNA molecule that contains all the triplets needed to produce a specific protein
Term
Codon
Definition
A sequence of 3 bases in the mRNA molecule that forms the code for an amino acid
Term
Anticodon
Definition
A sequence of 3 bases in the tRNA molecule that are complementary to the codon
Term
Start codon
Definition
The first set of bases that triggers the ribosome to start joining amino acids together
Term
Triplet code
Definition
A sequence of 3 bases in the DNA molecule that specifies a particular protein
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