Term
The following regions are areas of concentrated pig production in the United States. Which also produces the most corn?
a. Southeastern North Carolina
b. Southern Pennsylvania and northern Ohio
c. Northern Iowa and southern Minnesota
d. Southwestern Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle |
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Definition
| c. Northern IA/Southern MN |
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Term
During the period from 1994 to 2005 inclusive, the average Iowa producer would have expected to be profitable for how much of that period?
a. 75%
b. 50%
c. 100%
d. 1%
e. 10% |
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Definition
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Term
What was the range of cost per 100lbs. (CWT) to produce a slaughter weight pig between 1987 to 2005?
a. $28 - $37 / CWT
b. $19 - $27 / CWT
c. $54 - $62 / CWT
d. $38-$54 / CWT |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a potential impact of the export market on US production?
a. Biosecurity against a disease outbreak that might lead a country to ban US pork is crucial.
b. A closed border due to disease outbreak could flood the US market with pork and be devastating to the prices that producers are paid.
c. More pork exported from the United States to foreign markets means that US pork consumers pay less at the retail counter.
d. Foreign regulations regarding residues and slaughter practices must be considered by US producers and processors to maintain access to foreign markets. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements about general trends in U.S. Swine production is LEAST accurate?
a. In general, swine farms have decreased in number and increased in animal inventory in the United States during the last 20 years.
b. Extensive production systems such as hoop structures generally have lower capital investment costs and lower production efficiency compared to intensive production systems such as power ventilated confinement barns.
c. Of the traditional segments of the pork production chain, the retailer has received an increasing percentage of the money spent by the consumer on pork products over the last ten years.
d. From 1998 to 2004, US exports of pork decreased by 39.6%.
e. The month of June generally has the highest average market pig price based on historical averages. |
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Definition
d. From 1998 to 2004, US exports of pork decreased by 39.6%
They actually increased |
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Term
Rats have not been implicated as a potential vector in which of the following swine diseases?
a. Bordetella
b. Leptospirosis
c. SIV
d. Pseudorabies
e. Salmonella sp. |
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Definition
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Term
Regarding "downtime" policies for humans entering pig farms, which of the following is false?
a. Downtimes greater than 48 hours are based on studies demonstrating the transmission of FMDV and TGEV from people to pigs at 48 hours post exposure.
b. Changing boots, clothes and gloves (or washing hands) has been shown to be effective in limiting the spread of PRRSV between infected and non-infected groups
c. Despite multiple attempts, transmission of mycoplasma from infected pigs to naïve pigs by personnel has not been demonstrated even without downtime. |
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Definition
| a. Downtime greater than 48 hours are based on studies demonstrating the transmission of FMDV and TGEV from people to pigs at 48 hours post-exposure. |
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Term
Which of the following would NOT boost biosecurity at your farm?
a. Work with your veterinarian to conduct a biosecurity audit.
b. Invite visitors from neighboring farms to tour your facilities.
c. Enforce a 72 hour downtime for all visitors and staff that have been in other swine production facilities or packing plants.
d. Use a visitor log book consistently to monitor traffic on your farm.
e. Use proper signage at your farm. |
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Definition
| b. Invite visitors from neighboring farms to your facilities. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about swine farm biosecurity is LEAST accurate?
a. Transport biosecurity should be designed to prohibit pig re-entry to the barn after they have entered a truck and drivers that have been to other farms should not enter the barn to assist with loading.
b. The use of cats for rodent control and deterrence exposes pigs to a potential source of toxoplasmosis.
c. Acclimatization introduces the new breeding stock to viral and bacterial pathogens on the farm and can use vaccination, exposure to cull females, and/or feedback of feces or other tissues to accomplish exposure.
d. Soil is a likely source for pathogen introduction, especially erysipelas, in modern confinement facilities.
e. The most common threat to biosecurity in a breeding herd is introduction of new animals or semen. |
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Definition
| d. Soil is a likely source for pathogen introduction, especially erysipelas, in modern confinement facilities. |
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Term
Which of the following statements regarding farm biosecurity is MOST accurate?
a. Biosecurity and the prevention of disease has become increasingly important because of the concentration of swine facilities geographically and increasing herd size.
b. Construction of new pig production facilities in a high pig density area is a biosecure practice.
c. Increasing fat in the ration creates additional dust in confinement facilities that can assist the transport of respiratory pathogens and irritation of the respiratory tract.
d. Supplying one finishing site with multiple sources of feeder pigs will help to reduce variance in immunity, pathogen diversity, and will improve health. |
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Definition
| a. Biosecurity and the prevention of disease has become increasingly important because of the concentration of swine facilities geographically and increasing herd size. |
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Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Rats can climb wires
b. Rats can swim
c. Rats can jump vertically up to 10 inches. |
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Definition
| c. Rats can jump vertically up to 10 inches |
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Term
Which of the following is the most important factor to consider when selecting a rodenticide?
a. Product form
b. Palatability
c. Days to death
d. Chemical agent used
e. How it kills
f. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which one of the following rodenticide formulations is only available to licensed pest control personnel?
a. Tracking powders
b. Pellets
c. Blocks
d. Liquids |
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Definition
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Term
a. Azotoxins
b. Anticoagulants
c. Neurotoxins
d. Cardiotoxins |
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Definition
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Term
Rodent control is a critical component of an effective biosecurity plan. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate regarding rodents?
a. Two rodents can produce some 20 million offspring (reproductive potential) in just 3 years.
b. Rodents can chew through concrete, aluminum, and wood.
c. Rodents are estimated to cost the pork industry about $17 million a year.
d. ALL of the following diseases can be carried or transmitted by rodents: Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersenia.
e. Rats and mice are equally capable of introducing new external pathogens to a farm and transmitting them to pigs on that farm. |
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Definition
| e. Rats and mice are equally capable of introducing new external pathogens to a farm and transmitting them to pigs on that farm. |
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Term
Stud Guidelines suggest that the veterinarian who works with the boar studs to be a USDA accredited veterinarian. Which of the following is not a logical rationale for this?
a. Studs are more likely to ship semen or animals accross state lines or international boundaries which requires health certification by an accredited veterinarian.
b. USDA accredited vets are expected to be familiar with current shipping and export regulations and can guide vaccination decisions to prevent serological test interference.
c. USDA accredited vets receive additional, extensive training in disease diagnosis and prevention that adds to the safety of the stud. |
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Definition
| c. USDA accredited vets receive additional, extensive training in disease diagnosis and prevention that adds to the safety of the stud. |
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Term
AASV Boar Stud Guidelines specify minimum concentrations for several antibiotics in semen. Which of the following statements concerning this antibiotic addition is most accurate?
a. The levels of antibiotic in semen require extended withdrawal periods for sows that are inseminated with the treated semen and subsequently culled.
b. Antibiotics are added to reduce the liklihood that the sow has a bacterial illness that would interfere with conception.
c. The purpose of antibiotic addition is to prevent growth of bacterial contamination that might have resulted during semen collection.
d. All antibiotics are safe for sperm cells. |
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Definition
| c. The purpose of the antibiotic addition is to prevent growth of bacterial contamination that might have resulted during semen collection. |
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Term
The NPB Boar Stud Biosecurity Guidelines provide some questions a producer/veterinarian should ask before purchasing semen from a stud. Which of the following questions does not assess stud biosecurity against outside sources or new pathogen introductions to the farm?
a. Is there a designated clean area and clean sterile equipment for semen collection, processing, and storage?
b. How far is the boar stud facility from other swine farms?
c. Are employees of the stud allowed to raise pigs on their home farm?
d. Does the boars stud utilize an isolation facility for replacement boars?
e. Is feed delivered to the stud in meal form or is it pelleted? |
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Definition
| a. Is there a designated clean area and clean sterile equipment for semen collection, processing, and storage? |
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Term
When testing new boars in isolation prior to moving to the main stud, The AASV Boar Stud Guidelines stress the importance of two diseases while leaving the rest to the discretion of the attending veterinarian. These diseases are targets of recent or current eradication programs in the U.S. Which are those diseases?
a. leptospirosis and tuberculosis
b. brucellosis and pseudorabies
c. influenza and actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
d. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and mycoplasmosis. |
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Definition
| b. brucellosis and pseudorabies |
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Term
Whose responsibility is it to insure the biosecurity of semen?
a. All answers are correct.
b. The sow farm veterinarian
c. The stud veterinarian
d. The sow farm manager
e. The stud manager |
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Definition
| a. All answers are correct |
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Term
Which of the following is not capable of negatively impacting the efficacy of most disinfectants?
1. pH
2. relative humidity
3. temperature
4. water hardness
5. surface topography
6. all of these possible answers can adversely impact disinfectant efficacy |
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Definition
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Term
One Stroke Environ®, TekTrol®, and Pheno-Tek II® are examples of what class of disinfectants that are generally broad spectrum and act by denaturing proteins?
1. halogens
2. quaternary ammonium compounds
3. phenols
4. aldehydes
5. alcohols |
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Definition
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Term
Of the steps to implementing a disinfection action plan, this step alone has been estimated to remove over 90% of bacteria from surfaces:
1. disinfection
2. washing
3. cleaning
4. evaluation
5. assessment |
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Definition
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Term
Considering all classes of disinfectants in general, which of the following categories of organisms is least susceptible to chemical disinfection?
1. gram negative bacteria
2. parvoviruses
3. fungal spores
4. enveloped viruses
5. coccidia |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not approved by the USDA for use as a disinfectant in control of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak?
1. sodium hydroxide (lye)
2. sodium carbonate (soda ash)
3. phenols such as Tek-Trol®
4. acetic acid (vinegar) |
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Definition
| 3. phenols such as Tek-Trol |
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Term
To encourage pigs to urinate and defecate in a designated area in the pen:
a. Place waterer in that area
b. Keep a seperate sleeping area dry and comfortable
c. Place slotted flooring in the target area
d. All of these responses are useful |
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Definition
| d. All of these responses are useful |
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Term
Hoop barns are ideal in situations where the producer
a. Produce 500 to 1000 weaned pigs weekly
b. Has limited capital and wants a lower cost of production
c. Wants a system that is fully automated and require less labor
d. Prefers a permanent swine housing structure |
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Definition
| b. has limited capital and wants a lower cost of production |
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of wean-to-finish facilities?
a. Wean to finish facilities have been shown to improve performance versus two site nursery/finisher pig flows.
b. Wean to finish sites are preferrable to typical nursery / finisher facilities because they can house more pigs per square foot of floor space at market weight.
c. These sites eliminate the transport of pigs from the nursery phase to the finisher phase as is typically required in three site production.
d. These facilities house pigs from weaning at around 13 pounds until marketing at approximately 275 pounds.
e. Wean to finish facilities must have highly adjustable feeders, waters, and other equipment that can accomodate a wider range of growth than typical finisher or nursery facilities.
f. Wean to finish facilities are sized for the pigs at market weight and therefore are an inefficient use of space when the pigs are first placed in the barn at a smaller size.
g. Wean to finish facilities typically provide microenvironments such as supplemental radiant heat when pigs are small to improve efficiency relative to heating the entire barn. |
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Definition
| B. Wean to finish sites are preferrable to typical nursery / finisher facilities because they can house more pigs per square foot of floor space at market weight. |
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of nursery facilities?
a. Although optimal for health, nurseries do not have to be sized to house the same number of pigs as the sow farm is capable of weaning in a given week.
b. They typically house pigs for 8 weeks that range in weight from about 12 pounds to about 50 pounds.
c. Nurseries generally provide pigs seperate spaces or crates for each pig.
d. Typical confinement nurseries may have multiple seperate rooms within a single barn.
e. Floor space and feeder space is less than that required for a finisher capable of housing an equivalent number of pigs.
f. They house pigs between weaning at the sow farm and shipment to the finisher facility in typical three site production. |
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Definition
| C. Nurseries generally provide pigs seperate spaces or crates for each pig. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT an advantage to environmentally controlled, crated gestation swine facilities?
a. More efficient use of boars
b. More control of sow feed intake
c. Reduced labor for feeding and sow handling
d. Better control of mud dust and manure
e. Larger initial cost investment |
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Definition
| e. Larger initial cost investment |
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Term
| Decreasing the number of pigs to be weaned per farrowing crate from 9.5 to 8 will result in how many pigs being marketed per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the number of days to first service were changed from 5 days to 7 days, how many pigs would then be weaned per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| If we change pig weaning age from 21 days to 14 days how many pigs will we expect to wean per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| If we decrease the number of crates available for each room from 42 to 30, how many pigs will we wean per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing death loss from weaning to market from 5% to 2% will shift the number of pigs marketed per year from 3,843 to what? |
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Definition
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Term
Veterinarian and farm employee safety and health are a priority for any farm visit to be successful. As the veterinarian, who's health and safety are you responsible for while you are in the facility?
1. Yourself and whomever pays the veterinary bill.
2. Yourself and everyone else that is present.
3. Yourself only.
4. Nobody. |
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Definition
| 2. Yourself and everyone else that is present. |
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Term
Which statement is false?
1. It is acceptable to smoke in swine facilities since the air quality is frequently poor anyway.
2. Properly sharpened knives reduce accidents.
3. Sharps containers are necessary for needles and scapel blades even on farms.
4. Latex gloves are optional protective equipment when performing a necropsy. |
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Definition
| 1. It is acceptable to smoke in swine facilities since the air quality is frequently poor anyway. |
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Term
When concerned about the safety of an activity on the farm, what is the best immediate course of action?
1. Stop the activity until resolving the safety issue.
2. Stop and have someone else complete the activity.
3. Continue quickly and hope that your concerns are unfounded since you are in an unfamiliar situation.
4. Employ a "macho" personna and proceed at the risk of your livelihood and the health and welfare of others despite many years of training designed to impart a sound judgement. |
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Definition
| 1. Stop the activity until resolving the safety issue. |
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Term
Which of the following is not a human health hazard on swine farms?
1. Keeping needle caps between your teeth.
2. Not wearing gloves.
3. Eating or drinking in rooms housing animals.
4. Slippery floors in pens and alleyways.
5. All of these are potential human health hazards. |
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Definition
| 5. All of these are potential human health hazards |
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Term
While you are at the farm, a gate is left open and two mature boars find themselves in the same pen. They begin to fight. What is the appropriate action to take?
1. Stay out of the pen - boars rarely fight to the death. Wait until they have established the dominance hierarchy and let the loser escape. Treat injuries on each as necessary.
2. Panic. Yell for help. Inject sedatives such as acepromazine in any part of the animal that you can reach.
3. Find a sort board and enter the pen to break up the fight and seperate the boars.
4. Immediately enter the pen and attempt to intercede by placing yourself between the boars. |
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Definition
| 1. Stay out of the pen - boars rarely fight to the death. Wait until they have established the dominance hierarchy and let the loser escape. Treat injuries on each as necessary. |
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