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| system of labor used primarily in the textile industry done by workers (women) in their homes. |
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passing laws that allowed landowners to take over and fence off private and common lands.
- changed rural great Britain
results of:
- many small farmers who had relied on common lands had to move to towns/cities for work
- developed more efficient farming methods
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| money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials that helps make the industry grow |
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people that took risks to start a business by bringing together capital, labor, and new inventions
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| an organized method of production that brought workers and machines together under the control of managers (in a centralized location) |
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| expanding factories or investing in new buisnesses |
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| identical, machine-made, easily assembled parts that helped increase factory production |
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each worker performs a specialized task on a product as it moved by on a conveyer belt
- used in an assembly line |
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| a business organization involving two or more entrepreneurs who can raise more capital and take on more business than if each had gone on business alone |
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| business organizations owned by stock holders who buy shares in a company |
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the lowest point in a business cycle
- characterized by bank failures and widespread unemployment |
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associations of workers dedicated to representing the interests of the workers in a specific industry
- hoped to improve wages and working conditions |
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| negotiations between union leaders and employers |
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British novelist - wrote about life in the early 1800's
Oliver Twist |
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| largest city in Europe - city, yet rural nature too |
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invented spinning jenny
could spin 6-7 threads at a time - later could do up to 80 threads at a time
revolutionized spinning in the home |
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developed the water frame
huge spinning machine that ran continually on waterpower
revolutionalized spinning in factories and industrial settings |
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developed power loom
ran on horse, water or steam power
made it possible for weavers to keep up with the amount of yarn produced |
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1) cotton gin
machine that cleaned cotton 50 times faster than a person could
overcame last hurdle toward full mechanization of textile industry
2) also came up with concept of interchangeable parts
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designed first practical steamboat
laid foundations for global economy and new forms of investment |
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method to inexpensively produce steel from iron
answered industry's need for a sturdy, workable metal |
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designed efficient steam engine
set Industrial revolution into full motion - now didn't have to shut down factories when the river froze or flowed to low
could also build factories away from waterways |
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division of labor
ea. worker perform a specialized task on a product as it moved on conveyor belt
led to assembly line |
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used assembly-line methods to mass produce his Model-T cars
- cost went down -> could drop price -> more people could afford cars |
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telegraph - Morse code (dots and dashes)
opened communidation - linked Europe and North American cities |
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wireless telegraph -> radio
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telephone
could speak to each other through long distances |
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1) phonograph - reproduced sound
2) incandescent light bulbs
made electric lighting cheap and accessible
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oil-burning, internal combustion engine
ushered in age of the motor car |
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| Wilbur and Orville Wright |
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| first successful flight of a motorized airplane |
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| Transformation from agricultural to industrial society |
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| enclosure movement led to small farmers being pushed to cities creating available labor force; new agricultural inventions > increased food supply > healthy, live longer > population > labor supply; middle class money > capital |
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| Reasons Great Britain was the leader and founder of the Industrial Revolution |
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| natural resources (coal, rivers, iron); labor force; capital to invest |
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| Know the working conditions and lives of 18th and 19th century factory workers |
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| protect the workers - unite to ask for better working conditions, wages, etc. |
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