Term
| Afrocentric feminist epistemology |
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Definition
| Particia Hill Collins introduce this idea which takes the premise of standpoint epistemology and begins with the unique standpoint of black women. |
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Term
| After all the labor intensive work of conducting qualitative research, it is the final write up that comes to... |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are limits to confidentiality, except:
a. Elder abuse
b. Child abuse
c. Physically abusing your 30 year old brother
d. Thread of harm to self or others |
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Definition
| c. Physically abusing your 30 year old brother |
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Term
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Definition
| How did you arrive at your specific findings? Are specific analysis strategies talked about? Have you done what you said you would do? Are data analysis approaches compatible with your research question? |
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Term
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Definition
| Analytical categories are developed to classify the more focused analytical codes. They take into account the meaning of concepts from the respondent's perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| Analytical codes, developed from literal codes, are not tied as tightly to the text itself but being to rely on the researcher's insights for drawing out interpretation. |
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Term
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Definition
| As more and more interviews are analyzed you may come up with several analytical dimensions, which can be viewed as subcodes of analytical categories |
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Term
| Arts based research practices |
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Definition
| A set of methodological tools that adapt the tenents of the creative arts and are used by qualitative researchers during all phasesof social research including data collection, analysis, interpretation, and representation. |
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Term
| As electronic focus groups practices develop, what is important to pay attention to? |
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Definition
| it is important to pay attention to the ethical issues that develop |
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Term
| As we try to effectively communicate our research findings, we must keep... |
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Definition
| our intended audience at the forefront |
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Term
| By interrogating texts from a variety of epistemological and theoretical positions, we can continue to ask... |
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Definition
| new research questions and offer new insights about social reality |
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Term
|
Definition
| This occurs when the researcher and research participant create meaning or knowledge collaboratively. The interview is often seen as a site for the co-creation of meaning. The researchers' job is to listen intently to what the researched has to say and be prepared to drop their agenda in response to what takes place during the interview. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coding generally consists of identifying "chunks" or "segments" in your textual data and giving each of these a label (code). Coding is theanalytical strategy that many qualitative researchers employ to help them locate key themes, patterns, ideas,and concepts that may exist within their data. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major appeal of segmentation is that it produces another level of knowledge by comparing groups that are similar in every way except the areas of differencethat are relevant. |
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Term
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Definition
| A strategy that combines stimulus materials and projective techniques. Through an analytic process, participants arrangeconcepts into a physical map. |
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Term
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Definition
| Does your conclusion reflect your research findings? Have you overstated what you have foune (i.e gone beyond your research findings)? |
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Term
| Consistent use of wording is one of the most important aspects of interviewing. Yes or no. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Creating writing goals for your entire research project would be one way to ensure you do not... |
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Definition
| wait to write up your research in a short span of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical approaches suggest we live in a power-rich context. These approaches seek to reflexively step outside of the dominant ideology (insofar as possible) to createa space for resistie, counter hegmonic knowledge production that destabilizes oppressive materials and symbolic relations of dominanc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Do the data fit the research question? |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of understanding normative ideas and customs by challenging taken for granted assumptions that, like water to a fish, are difficult to discern |
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Term
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Definition
| Descriptive codes within data are discovered during the analysis process and eventualy can be used to generate a set ofkey concepts (catagories) which are much more analytical |
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Term
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Definition
| Dramaturgy uses the metaphor of theater to understand social life |
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Term
| During the writing and representation phase of research, we allow a story to... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ethnomethodology focuses on the process whereby individuals understand and give a sense of order to the world in which they live. Ehtnomethodologists are particularly interested in how meaning is negotiated in a social context through the process of interaction with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is preliminary data thatis used during the research design phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Feminist perspectives developed as a way to address the concerns and life experiences of women and girls, how, because of widespread andorcentric (sexist) bias, had long been excluded from knowledge construction, both as researchers and as research subjects. |
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Term
| Focus group interviewing allows... |
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Definition
| the qualitative researcher to unearth individual narratives and a group narrative that is larger than the sum of its parts |
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Term
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Definition
| valuable and time efficient method for gathering qualitative interview data from muliple participants at one time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A particular contained topic the researcher is studying |
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Term
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Definition
| A focused coding procedure allows for the building and clarifying of concepts. in focused coding, a researcherexamines all the data in a category, compares each piece of data with every other piece and finaly builds a clear working definition of each concept which is then named. |
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Term
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Definition
| practice and planning of your time |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a form of analysis that starts from an engagement with data and ends with are theory that is generatedfrom or "grounded" in the data |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows themes to emerge directly from the data, in this case the subjects, drawing directly on their ideas, language, and ways of understanding their own behaviors and attitudes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The analysis is focused on the "group narrative" that emerges, which is larger than the sum of its parts |
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Term
| Hermeneutic tradition/interpretive approaches |
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Definition
| The interpretive approach is based on the interpretation of interactions and the social meaning that people assign to their interactions. This perspective asserts that is created during interaction and people's interpretations of interactions. The implication is that different social actors may in fact understand social reality differently, producing different meanings and analyses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group consistingof dissimilar participants |
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Term
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Definition
| A group consisting of similar participants |
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Term
| Implementing change is the responsiblity of: |
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Definition
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Term
| In adjusting the scores on the negatively worded item on a a 7 point scale, a score of 2 is converted to: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A qualitative interview where the researcher asskes knowledge from the respondent's point of view. The interview questions are usually open-ended. The degree of structure to the interview depends on the extent to which interviewers have a specific agenda, that is, a set of questions they want to be sure are answered. A less structured interview does not contain a specific interview protocol but rather the object of the interview is to listen to what the respondent feels is important to talk about; the interviewer comes prepared with some ice-breaking or intitial questions to get the process moving around the general topic of the interview. |
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Term
| In qualitative research the group studied is... |
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Definition
| smaller and not randomly sampled |
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Term
| In the context of the focus group interviews |
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Definition
| the researcher serves as moderator and determines the degree of control and structure the interview will have |
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Term
| In-depth interview is a wonderful method of getting at... |
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Definition
| individuals' lived experiences and perspectives |
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Term
| Individual level of analysis |
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Definition
| The analytical focus is on what each individual group member has said |
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Term
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Definition
| this is developed from an attribute, characteristic, or experience the researcher has in common with his or her research participants. One strategy researchers have used to overcome the impact of difference in the interview process is to match some of their important status characteristics so that they can take advantage of their insider status to maximize their chances of gaining permission to interiew and obtaining cooperation and rapport within the interview situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the researcher impacts social reality by being present (e.g. by taking pictures) and thus the data are produced directly from the vantage point of the researcher |
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Term
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Definition
| Can readers get a sense of the meaning of your data from your written findings? Are your research findings placed in the context of the literature on the topic? Does the evidence fit your data? Are the data congruent with your research question? |
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Term
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Definition
| Intersectionality theory examines the interlocking nature of race, class, gender, sexuality, and nationality. |
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Term
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Definition
| A list of specific topics and/or questions constructed prior to the interview to be used at the discretion of the researcher |
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Term
| It is hard to come up with a fully formed and well edited paper at the... |
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Definition
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Term
| It is important to set aside time each day to... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| It might even be a good idea to buddy up with a writing partner, someone you meet with on a regular basis to provide... |
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Definition
| each other mutual support and feedback on your writing projects and goals |
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Term
| Knowledge producing conversation |
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Definition
| The qualitative interview is a special kind of knowledge producing conversation that occurs between two parties. The relationship between the interviewer and respondent is critical to the process of constructing meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The particular major set of themes you wan to pursue in your in-depth interview. You would then construct a series of questions that explore these particular themesin your interview session. |
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Term
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Definition
| Literal codes are codes consisting of words that appear within the text itself. They areusually descriptive codes. |
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Term
| Many factors influence how a conversation will go, and as we saw, difference cannot be ignored but should be.... |
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Definition
| incorporated into the research design and data gathering process from start to finish |
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Term
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Definition
| Markers are important pieces of information that respondents may offer as they talk about something else. It is importantto remember and return to markers as appropriate |
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Term
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Definition
| Used by researcher engaged in the sprial model of researchdesign as a way of interpreting and reflecting on the data as they go. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memo-ing or memo writing is the writing of documents that track any ideas the researcher comes up with when reading notes, interviews, and other data. Memo-ing should be done at all points in the analysis process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the method compatible with the purpose (research question)? How thoroughly and well are you data collection stategies described? |
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Term
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Definition
| The researcher must take on the role of the moderator in the focus group; she or he greatly influences the flow of the conversation and thus the group dynamic and manner of the group narrative. The main concerns of the moderator are structure and control. |
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Term
| Name everything in the evaluation checklist |
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Definition
Overall research question
Data collection
Method
Sample
Analysis
Interpretation
Validity
Conclusion |
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Term
| One of the advantages of administering the survey to a sample of the population is that those not surveyed feel relieved that they do not have to spend time filling out another survey. True or false? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Under this frame, the moderator imposes less structure on the interview situation |
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Term
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Definition
| In this type of interview, the researcher has a particular topic for the study, but he or she allows the conversation to go whereever the research participant takes it, and each interview becomes highly individual. This is also referred to as a low-structure interviews |
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Term
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Definition
| This refers to major differences between researchersand their research participants, such as a difference in race, gender, social class, sexual orientation, educational level, and so on. The standard thinking on differencein the interview situation suggests that if the interviewerr is an outsider, this might make it more difficult to gain access and to understand the situation of "the other". |
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Term
| Overly focusing on the debate of "qualitative versus quantitative" frames... |
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Definition
| the methods in opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Seeks to understand experience, arguing that there is not "one reality" to how events are experienced. |
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Term
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Definition
—Goal is theory-testing: Confirm or refute theory by examining relationships among social factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Post structuarlism is an engaged theoretical approach that advocates breaking down unities, decentering, and subversive practice. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Postmodern theories focus on the prominence of dominant ideology andthe discourses of power that normalize this ideology to maintain a dominant world order - locally, nationally, and globally |
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Term
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Definition
| There are important power dynamics within the interviewer/interviewee relationship that can affect the interpretation of research results. In chp 5 (In depth interview), we noted that certain social attributes between researcher and researched can impact issues of power and authority in the research process. |
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Term
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Definition
| The researcher's way of encouraging a respondent to continue with what he or she is talking about, to go further or to explain a particular point in the interview. The researcher uses neutral language such as "Can you tell me more about that?"You might also ask a respondent to repeat somethingthat you did not understand. Sometimes, a probe is simply a sign of understanding an support or a general show of interest that the researcher puts forward to the interviewee. This can take the form of a verbal reponse like "Oh, I see," or a gesture such as nodding your head. |
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Term
| Protecting confidentialityis more important than finding out who smoke pot on the job. True or false. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Providing constructive feedback to others on their writing projects also helps... |
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Definition
| you to become a better researcher and writer |
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Term
| Purpose of qualitative research |
|
Definition
| to understand and interpret social interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Involves analysis of data such as words (i.e. from interviews), pictures (i.e. video), or objects (i.e. an object) |
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Term
| Qualitative data analysis and interpretation proceed as an |
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Definition
| interative (back and forth) process, keeping in mind the metaphor we suggested of putting together the pieces of a puzzle |
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Term
| Qualitative interviews require the building of... |
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Definition
| rapport and reciprocity in the interview situation |
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Term
| Qualitative researchers approach their research through... |
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Definition
| many different methodological lenses. |
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Term
| Qualitative researchers would say all research ultimatly has a... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Qualitative: Recommended during earlier phases of... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Qualitative: data is in form of |
|
Definition
| words, pictures, or objects |
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Term
| Qualitative: data is more |
|
Definition
| "rich", time consuming and less able to be generalized |
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Term
| Qualitative: researcher is the |
|
Definition
| data gathering instrument |
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Term
| Qualitative: researcher tends to become |
|
Definition
| subjectively immersed in the subject matter |
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Term
| Qualitative: researchers may only know |
|
Definition
| roughly in advance what he or she is looking for |
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Term
| Qualitative: subjective, individuals interpretation of events is |
|
Definition
| important ie uses participant observation, in-depth interviews etc |
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Term
| Qualitative: the design emerges as |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| complete, detailed description |
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Term
| Qualitative:all research ultimatly has |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| involves analysis of numerical data |
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Term
| Quantitative: All aspects of the study |
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Definition
| are carefully designed before data is collected |
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Term
| Quantitative: Objective seeks |
|
Definition
| precise measurement and analysis of target concepts such surveys and questionnaires |
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Term
| Quantitative: Recommended during latter phases |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Quantitative: Reseacher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment |
|
Definition
| to collect numerical data |
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Term
| Quantitative: Researcher knows clearly in advance |
|
Definition
| what he/she is looking for |
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Term
| Quantitative: Researcher tends to remain |
|
Definition
| objectively seperated from the subject matter |
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Term
| Quantitative: data is in the form of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quantitative: data is more efficient, able to test hypothesism but may miss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quantitative: the aim is to |
|
Definition
| classify features, count them, and construct statistical in an attempt to explain what is observed |
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Term
| Quantitative: there's no such thing as |
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Definition
| Qualitative data, everythingis either 1 or 0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Researchers create a supportive interview environment where respondents feel safe and comfortable. Achieving rapport is enhanced if the researcher takes on the role of active listener and expresses a genuine interest i what the respondent is saying, without pushing his or her own agenda. |
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Term
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Definition
| A traditional writing format that often takes the form of a scholarly publication for a journal, a research paper or report, or a book length monograph |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the process through which researchers recognize, examine, and understand how their own social background and assumptions can intervene in that research process. It is also a recognition of the importance of the role played by situational dynamics between the researcher and researched, which can impact the creation of knowledge. Researchers can use the process of reflexivity as a tool to assist them with studying across difference. |
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Term
| Researchers with political or activist commitments such as feminism can combine a feminist grounding with... |
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Definition
| any ofthe other approaches review to most effectively address their research problem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| How did you choose respondents? Are these respondents a valid choice for your research? |
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Term
|
Definition
| A design feature that maximizes the benefits of homogeneity while allowing for comparison among populations; this occurs when each group consists of similar members, but the different groups within the study as a whole are differentfrom each other. Segmentation is a way of stratifying groups based on the particular traits where you want to examine difference (such as race and gender) |
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Term
| Semistructured interviews |
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Definition
| Semistructured interviews contain specific research questions, employed by the researcher to guid the interview, but the use of these questions in any given interview is often at the discretion of the researche, who may or may not decide to ask these questions in every interview. There is commitment to openness in following the respondents lead in the interview situation. |
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Term
| Some researchers tend to favor particular approaches due to their... |
|
Definition
| worldview and political commitments |
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Term
|
Definition
| A method of research design that allows the investigator to, metaphorically, dive inandout of the data as she or he proceeds. In this model, a researcher generates new understanding, with varied levels of specificity, during each phase of the project and uses this information to double back and gain more information |
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Term
|
Definition
| Every research participantanswers the same set of questions so the conversation will not stray off topic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standardization refers to "the extent to which the identical questions and procedures are used in every group" and allows researchers to make valid compairisons between all of the groups in the study |
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Term
Statistical significance is affected by all of the following, except:
a. strength of the observed effect
b. sample size
c. sampling method used
d. the amount of variance obtained in the measures |
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Definition
| a. strength of the observed effect |
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Term
| Step 1: what are the two things you need to do when obtaining commitment form senior management and employees? |
|
Definition
1. Gain the support, participation and commitment from organizational members
2. Determine which constituents should be involved in goal-setting and design stages:
-
start with senior management
-
involve human resources or orgniazationdeveloment functions
-
involve high potentials and well-respected employees
-
set up task forces
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Term
| Step 1: what two things can be done to decide what types of information should be collected? |
|
Definition
1. Include content areas such as leadership perceptions, culture, performance
2. Identify background information such as age, gender, tenure, etc. |
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Term
| Step 1: what two things can you do to identify and overcome negative energy and apathy? |
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Definition
1. Gather information about survey perceptions
- conduct focus groups to identify problem areas
- speak with employees about past survey experiences
2. Communicate plans to deal with issues before surveying |
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Term
| Step 1: what two things much be done to set clear strategic objectives regarding the purpose and uses of the survey? |
|
Definition
1. Determine the purpose and objectives of the survey before you begin - why the survey isbeingconducted and what will be achieved
2. Draw a road-map, or a guide to show you how to get where you want to go.
3. Identify a marger at the end that tells you when you have reached your goals
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Term
| Step 2: What are three things that can be done when using a survey design team to build a better survey? |
|
Definition
- Convene or assemble a survey design team
- Involve strategically placed, highly visible and credible members of management
- Involve technical and conceptual experts
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Term
| Step 2: When drafting the initial survey document based on your agreed key issues, what things must you consider? |
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Definition
Survey length
Number of items per content area
Number of responseoptions
Unipolar versus bipolar response options
The key issues
Parsimony
Aovid double-barrelling
Clarity of wording
Avoid leading and biased questions
Ensure item-scale agreement |
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Term
| Step 2: what are the 5 steps to building a better survey? |
|
Definition
1. Gather preliminary informaiton about important issues
2. Identify key issues by summarizing and integrating all sourcesof information.
3. Discuss your findings with those who gave you input
4. Draft the initial survey document based on your agreed key issues.
5. Pre-test the survey with your representative group and other organizational members |
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Term
| Step 3: What are the 4 things on the checklist for step 3? |
|
Definition
1. Remember the CPR model of organizational communication
2. Communicate with employees beforehand
3. Consider the following guidelines for effective communication.
4. Consider the impact of informal systems |
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Term
| Step 3: What are the guidelines for communication? |
|
Definition
-
· Provide an adequate amount of advanced notice regarding the survey
· Give as much information as possible without overloading people with excessive detail
· Convey the key messages involved clearly and effectively
· Use multiple methods and processes to reinforce the same messages
· Convey honesty and openness in approach
· Highlight sponsorship and roles among key organizational members
· Involve the highest and most credible level of formal support available
· Make a commitment to action as a result of the survey and when it can be expected
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Term
| Step 3: what is the CPR model of organizational communication? |
|
Definition
Determine what will be communicated (content)
Determine how it will be communidated (processes)
Determine who will do the communicating (roles) |
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Term
| Step 3:what 3 things can you do to communicate with employee beforehand? |
|
Definition
- Generate clear, well-defined, achievable and measurable objectives well in advance of the survey
- Consider the positives and negatives associated with different modes of communication
- Follow up with the adminstration of hte survey instruments itself
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|
Term
| Step 4: Consider the impace of method on ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Step 4: What are the key considerations in deciding whom to survey? |
|
Definition
· Cost and the complexity of the administration process
· Samples are easier, cheaper and useful between larger census administrations
· A census is better for larger communication, organization development, and change initiatives
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|
Term
Step 4: What are the steps to determining a project plan?
|
|
Definition
- When will the survey be launched and when will it be closed?
- The method by which the survey instrument is to be completed.
- The respondents to whom the instruments are being distributed
- The means by which the instruments are going to be distributed
- The length of time respondents will have to complete and return the instrument
- The timing and types of additional information regarding the survey.
|
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|
Term
| Step 4: What the key timing factors to consider? |
|
Definition
What will be the impact on other organizational initiatives?
Are people already 'surveyed-out'?
How will a survey be received - i.e. positively or negatively? |
|
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Term
| Step 4: what is the goal with regard to considering the implications of timing? |
|
Definition
| Remember that the goal here is to obtain the best quantity and quality of responses with a clear set of objectives. |
|
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Term
| Step 5: what two things do you need to think of when determining the role of statistics? |
|
Definition
- Use those in which you are skilled and use an expert for those in which you are not
- Carefully consider using tests of significance
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Term
| Step 6: A complete survey report should contain each of the following elements: |
|
Definition
cover page
exeutive summary
introduction to the study
review of preliminary research
method of research
detailed survey results
conclusions and recommendations
appendix |
|
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Term
| Step 6: At a minimum the following should be considered in any roll out plan: |
|
Definition
Who is the target group who will receive the survey results?
What is the time frame from the close of adminstration to processing?
What are the objectives and issues involved in rolling out survey results? |
|
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Term
| Step 6: Balance expectations and reality |
|
Definition
Always remember that any data collection process has the potential to raise anxiety and fear on the part of respondents, end users and even the survey sponsor
Maintain your integrity in the delivery process regarding the reality and validity of the interpretation of the data obtained, and adherence to the origional contract concerning the confideitality of responses
Protext the confidentiality of the individual responses obtained regardless of the pressures by the client or other powerful groups interested in exploiting the survey results. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| check for missing, incomplete or partially completed responses; duplicate responses for same individual; problematic and/or intentional response patterns; incorrect use of scales;negatively worded items; inconsistencies in responses to similar items; damaged forms; compute malfunctions |
|
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Term
| Step 6: What are the six stages for anlaysis and interpretation? |
|
Definition
Data entry
Data preparation
Item level analysis
Conceptual level analysis
Comparative analysis
Content analysis of write in comments
|
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|
Term
| Step 6: What does it mean to determine the roll out process? |
|
Definition
| This means deciding on the method and sequence by which the results are to be presented to all those involved. Usually rolling out results includes some kind of cascading process. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Cover letters
the survey instruments itself
list of contributors
|
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Term
|
Definition
name of survey
date of survey
creator of survey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formally enter results into some sort of database |
|
|
Term
| Step 6: detailed survey results |
|
Definition
| exact findings of survey usually by item or summary dimension |
|
|
Term
| Step 6: executive summary |
|
Definition
| brief narrative of findings in summary form |
|
|
Term
| Step 6: method of research |
|
Definition
| how the survey was designed and how the results were collected |
|
|
Term
| Step 6:n conclusions and recommendations |
|
Definition
| recommendd actions based on findings |
|
|
Term
| Step5: prepare the following in advance (an analysis and interpretation are usually alloted the shortest amount of time of all seven steps |
|
Definition
Make sure the data entry system is fully operational and has been tested
Installl and test all data analysis software
Write and test initial analysis code using sample data
Obtain results from previous surveys for bench-marking purposes
Manage the clients expectations and anxiety regarding issues with the data collected
Prepare a comprehensive and thoughtful data analysis plan
Develop a framework or outline of the final survey report |
|
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Term
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Definition
| A structured interview means the researcherasks each participant the same series of questions. If the participant strays too much from the topic at hand or says some interesting things that aren't directly relevant to the study, the interviewer guides the conversation back to the interview questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examines the interaction between individuals andsmall groups; between individuals and objects; and between individuals and small groups, on the one hand, and objects on the other. This approach sugests this interaction process is an interpretive and meaning-making endeavor where shared symbols are used to communicate meaning. |
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Term
| Taking time to reflect on what you have written often requires... |
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Definition
| that you set aside your work to allow a fresh perspective on your work to take hold |
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Term
The cover letter to a survey should include the following:
a. Importance of the research
b. Promise of privacy
c. Expectations from the respondents
d. all of the above
e. Only a and b |
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Definition
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Term
| The following statistical analysis can be used to identify the relationship between job satisfaction and performance |
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Definition
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Term
| The following statistical analysis would be used to identify mean differences between three ethnic groups regarding their job satisfaction. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The dynamic produced within the group, which impacts individuals and their responses |
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Term
| The longer the time between the survey administration and the feedback, the more interested management becomes of the results. True or false. |
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Definition
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Term
| The personality/thinking style of the researcher and/or the culture of the organization is under-recognized as a |
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Definition
| key factor in preferred choice of methods |
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Term
| The primary advantage of working with nonliving data is |
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Definition
| that it allow us to go beyond the subjective perceptions of individuals, which, while very important, are not the only point of the departure for knowledge building |
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Term
| The strengths and weaknessesof qualitative and quantitative research are a... |
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Definition
| perennial, hot debate, especially in the social sciences, The issues invoke classic paradigm war |
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Term
| The type of data collected in qualitative research is |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of variables in qualitative research |
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Definition
| Study of the whole, not variables |
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Term
| There is an increase in the use of focus groups in... |
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Definition
| international and cross cultural research |
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Term
| Too much information causes fear and suspicion, too little, confusion. True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thisis the process through which large amounts of textual data are reduced into codes. In the case of visual or audiovisual analysis, translation refers to the process of putting data in one medium (visual or moving images) into words, as if translatingthe data from one language into another. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of three research methods |
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Term
| Validity (issues of crediblity and trustworthiness) |
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Definition
| Why should the reader buy into the validity of the analysis and interpretation? What are some criteria for assessing the validity of your research study? Do participants recognize their own experiences in your analysis and interpretation of the data? Why or why not? Do you provide an audit trail of your work - the analytical steps you provide as evidence of credibility? The more transparent you are about these issues, the higher the probability that your reader will find your findings trustworthy and credible. |
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Term
| We advocate keeping an open mind in each project and adopting a... |
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Definition
| problem centric style of research where different theoretical lenses are used for their utility in specific projects. |
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Term
| What 4 things are the checklist for step 4? |
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Definition
- Consider the implications of timing
- Determine a project plan
- Decide whom to survey - sample verus census
- Determine methods of adminstration and data collection
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Term
| What are the 3 checklist items on step 6? |
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Definition
Determine the roll out process
Prepare the survey report
Balance expectations and reality |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of close ended questions |
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Definition
- The information obtained is limited
- too B/W, what if inbetween
- Question might not capture issue going on |
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Term
| What are the three major approaches in qualitative research? |
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Definition
Post postivism
Interpretive approaches
Critical approaches |
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Term
| What are three advantages of close ended questions |
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Definition
- Get definitive answers
- Can quantify
- Easier to define what looking for |
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Term
| What are three advantages of open-ended questions? |
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Definition
- Provides varied information
- Gets at themes
- Allows respondents to provide feedback |
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Term
| What are three disadvantages of open ended questions |
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Definition
- harder to quantify
- lower confidentiality because of the names/departments used
- Might interpret differently |
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Term
| What does international and cross cultural focus groups projects raise a host of? |
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Definition
| practical and ethical issues |
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Term
| What is the checklist for Step 7? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the checklist for step 1 |
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Definition
1. Set clear and strategic objectives regarding the purpose and uses of the survey.
2. Obtain commitment from senior management and employees.
3. Identify and overcome negative energy and apathy
4. Decide what typesof information should be collected. |
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Term
| What is the form of data collected in qualitative research |
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Definition
| Qualitative data such as open-ended responses, interviews, participant observations, field notes & reflections. |
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Term
| What is the overall research question? |
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Definition
| Is my research question clearly stated? Is the question too broad? Too narrow? |
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Term
| What is the second major trend in focus group practice? |
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Definition
| the emergence of electronic or online focus groups |
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Term
| What technologies are now being used for focus groups? |
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Definition
| Technologies like chat room, discussion boards, video conferencing, and instant messaging. |
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Term
| What three things are on the checklist for step 5? |
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Definition
Determine the role of statistics
Remember that timing is very important
The six stages for analysis and interpretation |
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Term
| When are focus groups most useful? |
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Definition
| In exploratory research when little is known about the topic under investigation or as part of a mixed method or multimedia design. |
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Term
| Why is global research from focus groups likely to continue to emerge? |
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Definition
| Globalization and the marked increase in academic attention to issues of globalization |
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Term
| Writing well is a skill... |
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Definition
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Term
| step 6: introduction to the study |
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Definition
who participated
when and why the survey was conducted
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Term
| step 6: review of preliminary research |
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Definition
background information
methods overview
research |
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Term
| The purpose qualitative research |
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Definition
| to understand and interpret social interactions |
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Term
| The group studied in qualitative research |
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Definition
| smaller and not randomly selected |
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Term
| The variables in qualitative research |
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Definition
| Study of the whole, not variables |
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Term
| The type of data colected in qualitative research |
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Definition
| words, images, or objects |
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Term
| The form of data collected qualitative research |
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Definition
| Qualitative data such as open ended responses, interviews, particpant observations, field notes and reflections |
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Term
| The type of data analysis used in qualitative research |
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Definition
| identify patterns, features, themes |
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Term
| Objectivity and subjectivity in qualitative research |
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Definition
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Term
| The role of researcher in qualitative research |
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Definition
| researcher and their biases may be known to participants in the study and participant characteristics may be known to the researcher |
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Term
| The results of qualitative research |
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Definition
| Particularor specialized findings that is less generalizable |
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Term
| The scientific method in qualitative research |
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Definition
| exploratory or bottom-up; the researcher generates a new hypothesis and theory from the data collected |
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Term
| The view of human behavior in qualitative research |
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Definition
| Dynamic, situational, social and personal |
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Term
| The most common research objectives in qualitative research |
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Definition
| explore, discover and construct |
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Term
| The focus of qualitative research |
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Definition
| Wide angle lens, examines the breadth and depth of phenomena |
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Term
| The nature of observation in qualitative research |
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Definition
| study behavior in a natural environment |
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Term
| The nature of reality in qualitative research |
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Definition
| multiple realities; subjective |
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Term
| The final report in qualitative research |
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Definition
| Narrative report with contextual description and direct quotations from research participants |
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Term
| The purpose of quantitative research |
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Definition
| to test hypothesis, look at cause and effect and make predictions |
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Term
| The group studied in quantitative research |
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Definition
| larger and randomly selected |
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Term
| The variables in quantitative research |
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Definition
| specific variables studied |
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Term
| Type of data collected in quantitative research |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of data analysis in quantiative research |
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Definition
| Identify statistical relationships |
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Term
| The objectivity and subjectivity in quantitative research |
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Definition
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Term
| The role of researcher in quantitative research |
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Definition
| researcher and their biases are not known to participants in the study and participant characteristics are delibertly hidden from the researcher (double blind studies) |
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Term
| Results in quantitative research |
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Definition
| Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations |
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Term
| The scientific method in quantitiative research |
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Definition
| Confirmatory or top down, the researcher tests the hypothses and theory with the data |
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Term
| The view of human behavior in quantiative research |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common research objectives in quantitative research |
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Definition
| describe, explain and predict |
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Term
| The focus in quantitative research |
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Definition
| narrow angle lens; tests a specific hypothesis |
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Term
| The nature of observations in quantiative research |
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Definition
| Study behavior under controlled conditions; isolate causal effects |
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Term
| The nature of reality in quantitative research |
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Definition
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Term
| The final report in quantiative research |
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Definition
| Statistical report with correlations, compairsons of means and statistical significance of findings |
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Term
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Definition
A scale that can have middle responses such a "uncertain" or "no opinion"
Goes in two directions with a center point
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Term
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Definition
only one negative response and four somewhat positive responses
range from none to all
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