Term
| What did the great poets and philosophers begin referring to the time after 1750 as? What is significant about the date 1750? |
|
Definition
| The Age of Enlightement; death day of Bach. |
|
|
Term
| The Classical Era roughly encompasses what years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term applied to the transition from the Baroque style to the full flowering of the Classical and what composers were important pioneers in this new style? |
|
Definition
| Preclassical; CPE Bach and Johann Bach |
|
|
Term
| What style in music entertained listeners with contrasts of mood and theme, was light and graceful in character and is comparable to the rococo style in art? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the term Classical so confusing? |
|
Definition
There are 4 different definitons of the word classical.
- antiquity - Greece/Rome
- not popular music
- 18th and 19th Century
- something of lasting value
|
|
|
Term
| What three composers exemplify the fully developed Classical style? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general nature of the rhythmic patterns in a Classical piece? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What texture is predominant in the Classical Era?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give two main characteristics of Classical melody |
|
Definition
- tuneful and easy
- balaced and symmetrical
|
|
|
Term
| What Baroque device was gradually abandoned as more and more music was written for amateurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the typical orchestra of the Classical period consist of? |
|
Definition
| strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion |
|
|
Term
| Instrumental compositions of the Classical Period usually consist of several _____________ that contrast in tempo and character. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What performing group is the symphony written for? |
|
Definition
| the orchestra - strings, pairs of woodwinds, pairs of horns, pairs of trumpets, timpany |
|
|
Term
| What are the instruments in a string quartet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three main wars were occurring during the 70 years between 1750 and 1820, which created such political and social upheaval? |
|
Definition
- American Revolution
- French Revolution
- Napoleonic Wars
|
|
|
Term
| What was one f the musical centers in Europe during the Classical Period that Haydn, Mozart, and Beetoven were active in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main sections of the sonata or sonata-allegro form? |
|
Definition
- Exposition - introduces 2 themes
- Development
- Recapitulation - see the 2 themes again and final ending
|
|
|
Term
| What is the optional ending composers often attach to the end of a sonata movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the broken fragments of a theme called?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the individual who created the standard catalog of Mozart's compostions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theme and variations form may be schematically outlined as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each variations is usually the same length as the theme, but what can differ? |
|
Definition
the character
- varry the melody
- rhythm
- harmony
- accompanament
- dynamics, tone color
|
|
|
Term
| In what way does a scherzo differ from a minuet? In what two ways are they the same? |
|
Definition
Same - triple meter, ABA form
different - scherzo is faster |
|
|
Term
| A set of 33 variations written by Beethoven are called the ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What composer was fond of replacing the minuet with the scherzo for the 3rd movement of a four-movement work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Write the tempos or styles and order of the movements in a typical symphony |
|
Definition
- fast - vigorious
- slow - lyrical
- dance related - minuet or scherzo
- fast - brilliant/heroic
|
|
|
Term
| The minuet and trio are generally used in what movement in a classical symphony? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| write the schematics for Rondo form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the great contribution of the classical period to orchestral music? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the form and tempo of the first movements in most classical symphonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a classical concerto? |
|
Definition
| A three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra |
|
|
Term
| Who are the greatest composers of the Classical concerto and what was their favorite solo instrument? |
|
Definition
| Mozart and Beethoven; the piano |
|
|
Term
| Define a cadenza and tell where they are often found |
|
Definition
| an unaccompanied showpiece for the soloist; near the end of the 1st and sometimes last movement. |
|
|
Term
| What was the most important form in classical Chamber Music? How many movements did it most often have? What is its instruments? |
|
Definition
| string quartet; 4 movements (fast, slow, minuet/scherzo, fast); 2 violins, viola, cello |
|
|
Term
| Who was Joseph Haydn's employer for most of his life? |
|
Definition
| the Esterhazys family, the richest Hungarian noble family. |
|
|
Term
| How many string quartets and symphonies did Joseph Haydn compose? |
|
Definition
| 68 quartets, 104 symphonies |
|
|
Term
| For what composition types is Haydn considered the pioneer in the development? |
|
Definition
| the symphony and the string quartet |
|
|
Term
| List at least 4 other genres of music that Haydn composed |
|
Definition
| piano sonatas, piano trios, divertimentos, concertos, operas, and masses. |
|
|
Term
| Mozart was continually on tour between what ages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On tours to which country did mozart master the current operatic style? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the forms which Mozart composed in |
|
Definition
| symphonies, string quartets, piano concertos, opera |
|
|
Term
| When Mozart was 25, he became a freelance musician in what famous city? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don Giovanni is a combination of what two types of opera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What opera was a great success in Mozart's last year of life? |
|
Definition
| Die ZauberFrote (The Magic Flute) |
|
|
Term
| Who finished Mozart's Requiem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To whom did Beethoven originally commemorate his 3rd symphony to as a symbol of heroism and democratic ideals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beethoven was the heir of Haydn and Mozart and considered the bridge between what two musical eras? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the endings of Beethoven's symphonies differe from the endings of Haydn's and Mozart's symphonies? |
|
Definition
| climactic and triumphant vs. light and relaxed |
|
|
Term
| What are Beethoven's most popular works? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered unusual and unprecedented in Beethoven's 9th symphony? |
|
Definition
| using a chorus and 4 solo voices |
|
|
Term
| What is the title of Beethoven's only opera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What poet bases the Beethoven's 9th symphony on a poem on human brotherhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beethoven opened up ___________________________ and profoundly influenced composers throught the_____________. |
|
Definition
| new realms of musical expression; 19th century (romantic era) |
|
|
Term
| Beethoven was never actually in the service of the aristocracy, but made his money in what ways? |
|
Definition
| fees from giving piano and violin lessons, and publishers bought his composition |
|
|
Term
| Beethoven was stricken with what malady starting in his 29th year? |
|
Definition
|
|
