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-central piece of an arch. |
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-Individual pieces of an arch |
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-Arches in a series extremely strong |
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-Lime, Sand, Water, Pozzolana (volcanic ash) |
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-Volcanic ash, when mixed into concrete made mixture much lighter AND stronger |
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-Created large, open spaces |
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-Series of arches in a line |
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-Part of arcuated family rotated arch creates a half sphere |
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-a form of masonry in which the stones have their edges cut back to a careful plane surface, but with the central portion of the stone face either left rough or projecting markedly |
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-no space between walls and columns |
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-Square decorative tiles (usually in ceiling) |
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-hole or "eye of temple" which took weight off dome |
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-Vault that goes around in a circle (semicircle) and is constructed with groin vaults |
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-Roman forts. Basis for Medeival castles. square with four gates. Barracks in center |
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Frigidarium/Caldarium/Tepidarium |
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-principle bath space. All barrel vaulted to create large space without columns |
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-raised floor with surface below. Heat room with tiles which heat water from below. |
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-full merging of Corinthian and Ionic columns. Became standard order used for Romans. |
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-rounded half circle sides ex) at Trajan's forum |
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-ornament atop (a usually conical) form |
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-"high prestige" vs. "low prestige" masonry |
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-Hitching Post of the Sun in Machu Pichu |
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-earthen mound built to house Buddhist relics. Not for burial. -Basis of Buddhist architecture |
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-walking around or through a space. A planned out procession space |
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-individual vertical supports in a railing. balustrade= in a series |
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-(Buddhist) 2 piers, three horizontal lintels (symbolic of three levels toward enlightenment) |
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-dormitories for monks (buddhist) |
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-base which elevated the temples. Hindu architecture always raised on a plinth (Hindu) |
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-basically the "stupa" of Hindu architecture wich appears to be pushed through ceiling (Hindu) |
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- a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple (Hindu) |
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-arrangement like the fifth side of a dice. Series of sikharas in this arrangement (Hindu) |
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Maison Caree Nimes, France (19 BCE)
-pseudoperipteral -temple doors closed most of the time, more sculptures to experience on the outside. |
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Trajan's Column
Rome
(114 CE) |
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Pantheon
Rome
(118-128 CE)
-highly engineered construction.
-dome with oculus in the middle to tke weight off the dome |
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Pantheon
Rome
(118-128 CE) |
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Colloseum
Rome
(72-80 CE)
-1st level doric/tuscan
-2nd Ionic
-3rd Corinthian (stacked in order of complexity) |
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-Baths of Caracalla Rome, Italy (212-216)
-Roman- Largest bath house. all arcuated forms -Use of composite order columns (becomes standard columns for Romans) |
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Trajan's Forum Rome, Italy (98-112)
-Roman- -4 story marketplace -Use of excedra -basillica, library, marketplace all in one complex |
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Palace of Diocletian Spalato (Split, Croatia) (300)
-Roman- -Merges trabeation and arcuation
-standard trabeated features inside -arched entablature, shows natural progression from trabeation to arcuation |
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Nazcan Lines
Peru
400 B.C.E.-800 C.E. |
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Machu Picchu
Peru
(c. 1438-71) |
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Pyramid of the Moon
Teotihuacán, Mexico
(200 C.E.) |
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Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacán, Mexico
(150 C.E.) |
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Temple I (Temple of the Jaguar)
Tikal, Guatemala
(250-870) |
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Governor's Palace,
Uxmal (Mexico) |
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Chichén-Itza
El Castillo, Chichén-Itza (Mexico)
(900-1521 CE) |
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Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
(3rd-1st century B.C.E)
(Buddhist)
-staircase leads to landing which leads all the way around
-clockwise ambilatory for religious purposees |
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Ajanta
India
(2nd-1st century B.C.E.)
(Buddhist)
Chaityas and viajaras cut into hillside yet still follows buddhist forms |
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Kailasantha Temple
Ellora, India
(750-950 C.E.)
(Hindu Architecture)
Entire building excavated downward, yet still highly ornamented
"exteriorized buildings" where everything on inside is simple |
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Great Stupa
Borobudur, Indonesia
(c. 800)
(Hindu)
Very complex ambilatory
building itself as symbol of buddhism-layers move from depicting everyday life at bottom to enlightenment |
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Angkor Vat (Wat)
Cambodia
(c. 800-1400)
(Hindu)
Largest Hindu complex
Hundreds of temples
uses series of sikharas (quincux) |
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Great Wall
China
(221-210 B.C.E.)
faced and rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries
largest building project ever undertaken
to protect China from Mongolians and the North |
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Tombs
Qin Shihung-ti, China
(260-210 B.C.E.)
Burial Mound
Surrounded by clay soldiers/workers
showed exactly how people dressed and types of carts they used |
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Dougong
(cantilever bracket system) |
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Altar and Temple of Heaven,
Beijing,
(begun 1420 CE)
prayer ritual for crops
3 parts= open ar altar, round structure for emperor to rest, temple of heaven
Usage of blue color tiles- very rare and shows importance |
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Gate of Heavenly Peace
Beijing,
(1406-1470 CE) |
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Hall of Supreme Harmony
Beijing
(1406-1420 CE) |
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Ise Shrine
5th century CE
Shinto religious site.
reconstructed every 20 years
mortise and tenon construction
no ornament |
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Hōryū-ji Temple
Nara
(607 CE)
Uses dougong system with one wooden member in center to support everything
Sparse aesthetic
unpainted
set on plinth |
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Tōdai-ji Temple
Nara
(c. 730 CE)
largest free standing entirely wooden building |
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Katsura Palace
Kyoto
(c. 1620 CE)
sits starkly in landscape
picturesque
simple geometry
framed views of nature |
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