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Survey I- Part II
n/a
68
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2012

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
keystone
Definition
-central piece of an arch.
Term
Voussoir
Definition
-Individual pieces of an arch
Term
Vault
Definition
-Arches in a series
extremely strong
Term
Barrel (tunnel) Vault
Definition
Term
Roman Concrete
Definition
-Lime, Sand, Water, Pozzolana (volcanic ash)
Term
Pozzolana
Definition
-Volcanic ash, when mixed into concrete made mixture much lighter AND stronger
Term
Groin (cross) Vault
Definition
-Created large, open spaces
Term
Arcade
Definition
-Series of arches in a line
Term
Dome
Definition
-Part of arcuated family
rotated arch creates a half sphere
Term
Rustication
Definition
-a form of masonry in which the stones have their edges cut back to a careful plane surface, but with the central portion of the stone face either left rough or projecting markedly
Term
Pseudoperipteral
Definition
-no space between walls and columns
Term
Coffer
Definition
-Square decorative tiles (usually in ceiling)
Term
Oculus
Definition
-hole or "eye of temple" which took weight off dome
Term
Annular Vault
Definition
-Vault that goes around in a circle (semicircle) and is constructed with groin vaults
Term
Castrum
Definition
-Roman forts. Basis for Medeival castles.
square with four gates. Barracks in center
Term
Frigidarium/Caldarium/Tepidarium
Definition
-cold/hot/tepid baths
Term
Palaestra
Definition
-principle bath space.
All barrel vaulted to create large space without columns
Term
Hypocaust System
Definition
-raised floor with surface below. Heat room with tiles which heat water from below.
Term
Pilaster
Definition
-columns joined to walls
Term
Composite Order
Definition
-full merging of Corinthian and Ionic columns. Became standard order used for Romans.
Term
Basillica
Definition
- public admin building.
Term
Exedra
Definition
-rounded half circle sides
ex) at Trajan's forum
Term
Tablinium
Definition
-formal living room
Term
Broken Pediment
Definition
-self explanatory
Term
Finial
Definition
-ornament atop (a usually conical) form
Term
-"high prestige" vs. "low prestige" masonry
Definition
Term
Cancha
Definition
-Incan housing
Term
Inhituana
Definition
-Hitching Post of the Sun in Machu Pichu
Term
Stupa
Definition
-earthen mound built to house Buddhist relics. Not for burial.
-Basis of Buddhist architecture
Term
Ambulatory
Definition
-walking around or through a space. A planned out procession space
Term
ballistor/balustrade
Definition
-individual vertical supports in a railing. balustrade= in a series
Term
Torana (gate)
Definition
-(Buddhist) 2 piers, three horizontal lintels (symbolic of three levels toward enlightenment)
Term
Chaitya
Definition
-prayer hall
(buddhist)
Term
Vihara
Definition
-dormitories for monks
(buddhist)
Term
Plinth
Definition
-base which elevated the temples. Hindu architecture always raised on a plinth
(Hindu)
Term
Sikhara
Definition
-basically the "stupa" of Hindu architecture wich appears to be pushed through ceiling
(Hindu)
Term
Gopuram
Definition
- a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple
(Hindu)
Term
Quincux
Definition
-arrangement like the fifth side of a dice.
Series of sikharas in this arrangement
(Hindu)
Term
[image]
Definition
Maison Caree
Nimes, France
(19 BCE)

-pseudoperipteral
-temple doors closed most of the time, more sculptures to experience on the outside.
Term
[image]
Definition

Trajan's Column

Rome

(114 CE)

Term
[image]
Definition

Pantheon

Rome

(118-128 CE)

-highly engineered construction. -dome with oculus in the middle to tke weight off the dome
Term
[image]
Definition

Pantheon

Rome 

(118-128 CE)

Term
[image]
Definition

Colloseum

Rome

(72-80 CE)

-1st level doric/tuscan -2nd Ionic -3rd Corinthian (stacked in order of complexity)
Term
[image]
Definition
-Baths of Caracalla
Rome, Italy
(212-216)

-Roman-
Largest bath house.
all arcuated forms
-Use of composite order columns (becomes standard columns for Romans)
Term
[image]
Definition
Trajan's Forum
Rome, Italy
(98-112)

-Roman-
-4 story marketplace
-Use of excedra
-basillica, library, marketplace all in one complex
Term
[image]
Definition
Palace of Diocletian
Spalato (Split, Croatia)
(300)

-Roman-
-Merges trabeation and arcuation

-standard trabeated features inside
-arched entablature, shows natural progression from trabeation to arcuation
Term
[image]
Definition

Nazcan Lines

Peru

400 B.C.E.-800 C.E.

Term
[image]
Definition

Machu Picchu

Peru

(c. 1438-71)

Term
[image]
Definition

Pyramid of the Moon

Teotihuacán, Mexico

(200 C.E.)

Term
[image]
Definition

Pyramid of the Sun

Teotihuacán, Mexico

(150 C.E.)

Term
Definition

Temple I (Temple of the Jaguar)

Tikal, Guatemala

(250-870)

Term
[image]
Definition

Governor's Palace,

Uxmal (Mexico)

Term
[image]
Definition

Chichén-Itza

 El Castillo, Chichén-Itza (Mexico)

 (900-1521 CE)

Term
[image]
Definition

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India

(3rd-1st century B.C.E)

(Buddhist)

-staircase leads to landing which leads all the way around -clockwise ambilatory for religious purposees
Term
[image]
Definition

Ajanta

India

(2nd-1st century B.C.E.)

(Buddhist)

Chaityas and viajaras cut into hillside yet still follows buddhist forms
Term
[image]
Definition

Kailasantha Temple

Ellora, India

(750-950 C.E.)

(Hindu Architecture)

Entire building excavated downward, yet still highly ornamented "exteriorized buildings" where everything on inside is simple
Term
[image]
Definition

Great Stupa

Borobudur, Indonesia

(c. 800)

(Hindu)

 

 

 

Very complex ambilatory building itself as symbol of buddhism-layers move from depicting everyday life at bottom to enlightenment
Term
[image]
Definition

Angkor Vat (Wat)

Cambodia

(c. 800-1400)

(Hindu)

 

Largest Hindu complex Hundreds of temples uses series of sikharas (quincux)
Term
[image]
Definition

Great Wall

China

(221-210 B.C.E.)

faced and rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries

largest building project ever undertaken to protect China from Mongolians and the North
Term
[image]
Definition

Tombs

Qin Shihung-ti, China

(260-210 B.C.E.)

Burial Mound Surrounded by clay soldiers/workers showed exactly how people dressed and types of carts they used
Term
[image]
Definition

Dougong

(cantilever bracket system)

Term
[image]
Definition

Altar and Temple of Heaven,

Beijing,

(begun 1420 CE)

prayer ritual for crops 3 parts= open ar altar, round structure for emperor to rest, temple of heaven Usage of blue color tiles- very rare and shows importance
Term
[image]
Definition

Gate of Heavenly Peace

Beijing,

(1406-1470 CE)

Term
[image]
Definition

Hall of Supreme Harmony

Beijing

(1406-1420 CE)

Term
[image]
Definition

Ise Shrine

5th century CE

Shinto religious site. reconstructed every 20 years mortise and tenon construction no ornament
Term
[image]
Definition

Hōryū-ji Temple

Nara

(607 CE)

Uses dougong system with one wooden member in center to support everything Sparse aesthetic unpainted set on plinth
Term
[image]
Definition

Tōdai-ji Temple

Nara

(c. 730 CE)

largest free standing entirely wooden building
Term
[image]
Definition

Katsura Palace

Kyoto

(c. 1620 CE)

sits starkly in landscape picturesque simple geometry framed views of nature
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