Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyponatremia 3 categories |
|
Definition
Hypervolemic
Euvolemic
Hypervolemic |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of hyponatremia: |
|
Definition
| Using hypotonic fluid to replace GI or 3rd space loss or is dilutional |
|
|
Term
Pt presentation:
hyponatremia |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic to exhibiting s/s CNS dysfunction....irritability, weakness, fatigue, increase DTR, muscle twitches....if untreated-seizures, coma, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Address volume status, serum and urine Na, serum and urine Osm, pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypervolemic - restrict fluids
Hypovolemic - NS or LR
Euvolemic - NS or LR
Stop using thiazide drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water loss
water & salt loss (GI, diuretics, sweating, burns)
Drugs (etoh, Amph B, colchicine, lithium, phenytoin)
Increased Na without water loss (Cushing's, hyperaldosterone, Na administration, production of ACTH, seawater) |
|
|
Term
Pt Presentation:
Hypernatremia |
|
Definition
| Dehydration, Dry, oliguria, fever, tachy, twitching, weakness, delerium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
correct water deficit (oral or IV D5W)
Replace water slowly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inadequate intake
GI loss (colon, rectum or gastric)
Renal losses
Shift from extracellular to intracellular compartments
Hyperglycemia
Aldosteronism
Eleavted ATCH
Licorice
Acute Leukemia
Corticosteroid excess
Iatrogenic |
|
|
Term
Pt presentation:
Hypokalemia |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic until < 3; muscle weakness, fatigue, pins and needles, paralysis, rhabdomylysis, diminished DTRS, increased ammonia and worsened encaphalopathy, anorexia, polyuria, N/V, polydipsia, EKG changes |
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