Term
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Definition
| When at least 75% decrease in airway diameter or can be very loud airway sounds such as wheezing, crackles.areas of dullness |
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Term
| What does a flat jugular vein that does not distend mean? |
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Definition
| this is an indicator of hypovolameia |
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Term
| What does a jugular vein that is distended when the patient is standing or sitting mean? |
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Definition
| This is an indication of pneumothorax, pericardial,effusion or in other cases right ventricular heart failure |
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Term
| What drug can be used to prevent arrythmias? |
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Definition
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Term
| Brachycephalics are crazy because they have... |
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Definition
| stenotic nares, overlong soft palate, everted tonsils, a hypoplastic trachea |
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Term
| For high vagal tone you want to avoid... |
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Definition
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Term
| For brachycephalic dogs you want to... |
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Definition
| preoxygenate, always have the ett and O2 available, use short acting induction agents such as propofol and alfaxalone, delay extubation |
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Term
| Mane coones have a higher incident of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Persian cats have a higher incident of.. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you have to watch out for with sight hounds? |
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Definition
-high PCV (lower albumin levels)
-high stress animals (ACP)
-lower fat levels which leads to hypothermia |
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Term
| What is a good combo of drugs to use for collies? |
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Definition
| Acp plus opiods with a -25% does |
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Term
| What do you want to do for toy breeds? |
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Definition
- get accurate weights
-be aware of surface volume vs the dog (this causes heat loss)
-use a doppler instead of oscilemetric |
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Term
| What is a good drug to use for giant breeds? |
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Definition
| acepromazine (give at the lower dose) |
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Term
| What drug do you NOT want to give to dobermans? |
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Definition
| do not give the old version of NSAIA. Doberman have a thing called vonwillbrands |
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Term
| What are soft wheaton terriers known for and what do you want to avoid? |
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Definition
| they are know for deficiencies in liver enzymes. You want to avoid barbiturates and increase activity of propofol |
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Term
| What is mitral valve disease common in? |
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Definition
| Seen commonly in small breeds. It is a progressive disease |
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Term
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Definition
| an indication that thier is a disturbance in normal blood flow (this can reduce outflow and reduce renal supply) |
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Term
| If you encounter a murmur with no enlargement.That maintains a normal HR range what should you do? |
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Definition
| avoid increases in preload (high IV fluid administration) and avoid anesthetics that increase after load |
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Term
| For dogs with heart issues what kind of opioid is ideal? |
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Definition
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Term
| For dogs with heart issues what drugs do you want to avoid? |
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Definition
NO dexmedetomidine
NO acepromazine |
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Term
| For induction for B1 to mid B2 what drugs would you use? |
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Definition
| propofol,alphaxalone, ketamine |
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Term
| For induction agents for advanced cardiac disease what drugs would you want to use? |
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Definition
opioids plus benzodiazepines
treat bradycardia with anticholingeric
use min propofol/alfaxolone to intubate |
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Term
| What drug mix can lower the need for opioids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages to a simple interrupted suture? |
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Definition
Advantages: Easy, Rapid,Disruption of one suture does not result in line failure
Disadvantages:Excessive tension yields inversion or aversion,Costly |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages to simple continuous? |
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Definition
Advantages: Speed, Single knot at either end
Disadvantages
One breakdown results in line failure |
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Term
| What is a continuous lock suture often used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of horizontal mattress suture? |
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Definition
| can strangulate blood supply |
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Term
| What are some advantage a vertical mattress suture has over a horizontal mattress? |
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Definition
| stronger then horizontal and less likely to strangulate |
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Term
| What are advantages and disadvantages of interrupted patterns? |
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Definition
Advantages :
Tension adjustment throughout suture line
Failure of one knot is inconsequential
Disadvantages:
Take longer
Uses more suture
Increases foreign material |
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Term
| What are advantages and disadvantages of continued patterns? |
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Definition
Advantages
Faster
Less foreign material in wound
Potential for better air/water tight seal
Disadvantages
Knot failure leads to disruption of whole line
Harder to approximate wound and control tension |
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Term
| What is the difference between a surgeon knot and and square knot? |
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Definition
| With a surgeon knot the first throw is double. With a square knot the first throw is single |
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Term
| What is an intradermal closure? |
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Definition
| Also know as subcuticular closure. It is a method of closing the skin without visible sutures |
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Term
| What does cutting reversed look like? |
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Definition
| The cutting edge is outside the needle curve, away from the surgical wound |
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Term
| What does cutting conventional look like? |
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Definition
| Cutting edge is inside the needle curve, toward the surgical wound |
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Term
| Taper needles are tapered to a point...what are they most commonly used for? |
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Definition
| Used for less dense tissues and tissue which might leak after piercing (such as blood vessels) |
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Term
| What do taper cut needles look like? |
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Definition
| Needle tapers to a point but the point is honed to create at least 2 cutting surfaces |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a standard eye look like? |
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Definition
| suture must pass through the eye |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a spring eye look like? |
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Definition
| the eye is split which permits the eye to be forced over the suture |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a swagged needle look like? |
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Definition
| the needle is drilled and the suture is inserted into the base of the needle |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a controlled needle look like? |
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Definition
| swaged needle which permits the suture to be dislodged from the needle with a purposeful tug for the purpose of performing a hand tie |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a straight needle look like? |
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Definition
| the needle is straight and usually has a cutting surface |
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Term
| Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a curved needle look like? |
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Definition
| the needle is formed in an arc of ¼, 3/8, ½, or 5/8 of a circle |
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Term
|
Definition
| unbound oxygen dissolved in plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied |
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Term
| So at normal hemoglobin levels total oxygen available varies very little with partial pressures above 80 mmHg but... |
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Definition
| If levels drop below this level there is a precipitous drop in oxygen availability |
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Term
| PCV of 15% will have only about... |
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Definition
| 1/3 the oxygenation of normal patient |
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Term
| If you are getting an SaO2 less then 95% what should you look out for? |
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Definition
Is the patient stable? (check CRT/MM color/HR/RR )
Remove and replace probe
Wet tongue if dry
Sensor should be oriented toward the ceiling
Heavily haired areas can be clipped |
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Term
| What will a ETCO2 >60 mmHg cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will a ETCO2 <20 mmHg cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you think about/do if there is no wave form |
|
Definition
Detachment of ETT
Blocked/kinked ETT
Esophageal intubation
Apnea |
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Term
| What are signs of an optimal depth? |
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Definition
Patient does not move
Is not aware
Does not feel pain
Has no memory of procedure |
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Term
| What are some causes for hypotension? |
|
Definition
Excessive anesthetic depth
Vasodilation secondary to allergic reactions
Blood loss, dehydration
Hydrate before anesthesia
Cardiac arrhythmias, heart disease
IPPV – will put pressure on cranial vena cava
Gastric distention & C-section |
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Term
| What do you have to be careful for c-sections? |
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Definition
Gastric distention & C-section – will put pressure on the caudal vena cava
With C-section – once u are removed and pressure is lifted, there is a huge surge of blood pressure |
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|
Term
| T/F Doppler underestimates feline systolic pressure by 15mmHg |
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Definition
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Term
| On page 18 of final exam review |
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Definition
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