Term
| Agostini v. Felton (1997) |
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Definition
| the Court agreed to permit public school teachers to go into parochial schools during school hours to provide remedial education to disadvantaged students because it was not an excessive entanglement of church and state |
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Definition
| in another case involving sovereign immunity, the Court ruled that Congress lacks the authority to abrogate a state's immunity in its own courts |
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Term
| Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002) |
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Definition
| the Court ruled that the Child Online Protection Act of 1998 was unconstitutional because it was too vague in its reliance on "community standards" to define what is harmful to minors |
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Definition
| the Court declared that the one-person, one-vote standard applied to counties as well as congressional and state legislative districts |
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Term
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Definition
| Watershed case establishing the principle of one-person, one-vote, which requires that each legislative district within a state have the same number of eligible voters so that representation is equitably based on population |
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Term
| Barron v. Baltimore (1833) |
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Definition
| Decision that limited the application of the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone |
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Term
| Benton v. Maryland (1969) |
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Definition
| Incorporated the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause |
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Term
| Board of Regents v. Southworth (2000) |
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Definition
| Unanimous ruling from the Court which stated that public universities could charge students a mandatory activities fee that could be used to facilitate extracurricular student political speech so long as the programs are neutral in their application |
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Term
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Definition
| the Court ruled that Congress could not force the Religious Freedom Restoration act upon the state governments |
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Term
| Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) |
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Definition
| Unsuccessful attempt to challenge Georgia's sodomy law |
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Term
| Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) |
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Definition
| the Court ruled that the Boy Scouts could exclude gays from serving as scoutmasters because a private group has the right to set its own moral code |
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Term
| Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) |
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Definition
| In this case, a woman argued that Illinois's refusal to allow her to practice law despite the fact that she had passed the bar, violated her citizenship rights under the privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; the justices denied her claim |
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Term
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Definition
| The Court ruled that individuals infected with HIV but not sick enough to qualify as having AIDS were protected from discrimination by the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) |
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Term
| Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) |
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Definition
| The Court fashioned the direct incitement test for deciding whether certain kinds of speech could be regulated by the government. This test holds that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the First Amendment unless imminent action is intended and likely to occur |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
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Definition
| U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation ins inherently unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection; marked the end of legal segregation in the United States |
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