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| Incorporated fifth amendment's self incrimination clause |
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| Incorporated portion of the Fourth Amendment by establishing that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in trial |
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| Court's first assertion of the power of judicial review in finding that a congressional statue extending the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional |
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| Martin v Hunter's Lessee (1816) |
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| Court's power of judicial review in regard to state law was clarified. |
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| post civil war case that reinforced Congress' power to determine jurisdiction of Supreme Court |
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| Court ruled that the imposition of the death penalty did not violate equal protection clause |
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| On this appeal, the court produced new standards designed to make it much more difficult for death-row inmates to file repeated appeals |
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| McCulloch v Maryland (1819) |
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| Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the bank; Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. |
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| Miller v California (1973) |
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| Case wherein the Supreme Court began to formulate rules designed to make it easier for states to regulate obscene materials and to return to communities a greater role in determining what is obscene |
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| Minor v Happersett (1875) |
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| Supreme Court once again examined priveges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, ruling that voting was not a priviege of citizenship. |
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| Fifth Amendment requires that individuals arrested for crime must be advised of their right to remain silent. |
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| Court ruled that Congress has no authority under commerce clause to enact a provision of the Violence Against Women Act providing a federal remedy to victims of gender-motivated violence. |
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| Case that ruled Oregon's law barring women from working more than 10 hours a day was constitutional; also an attempt to define women's unique status as mothers to justify their differential treatment. |
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| Incorporated the freedom of press provision of the First Amendment by ruling that a state law violated freedom of the press. |
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| A section of the Low-Level Waste Act that required states to dispose of radioactive waste within their borders was found unconstitutional because it would force states into the service of the federal government. |
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| New York Times Co. v Sullivan (1964) |
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| Supreme Court decision ruling that simply publishing a defamatory falsehood is not enough to justify a libel judgement. "Actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. |
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| New York Times Co. V U.S. (1971) |
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| Also called the Pentagon Papers case; the Supreme Court ruled that any attempt by the government to prevent expression carried "a heavy presumption" against its constituionality. |
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| NLRB v Jones and Laughlin Steel Co. (1937) |
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| Case that upheld the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, marking a turning point in the Court's ideology toward the programs of president FDR's New Deal. |
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| Incorporated the Sixth Amendment's right to a public trial. |
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| Palko v Connecticut (1937) |
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| Set the Court's rationale of selective incorporation, a judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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| Incorporated the Sixth Amendment's right to an impartial trial. |
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| Planned Parenthood v Casey (1992) |
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| An unsuccessful attempt to change Pennsylvania's restrictive abortion regulations. |
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| Plessy challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide seperate accomodations for blacks and whites. The Court found that seperate but equal did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. |
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| Incorporated the Sixth Amendment's rigt to confrontation of witnesses. |
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| Court found that Congress lacks the authority to compel state officers to execute federal laws, specifically relating to background checks on handgun puchases. |
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| Quilici v Village of Morton Grove (183) |
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| Supreme Court refused to review a lower court's ruling upholding the constitutionality of a local ordinance banning handguns against a Second Amendment challenge. |
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| R.A.V. v City of St. Paul (1992) |
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| Court concluded that St. Paul, Minnesota's Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance violated the First Amendment because it regulated speech based on the content of speech. |
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| Turned the tide in terms of constitutional legislation, ruling that the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment prohibited unreasonable classifications based on sex. |
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| Regents of the University of California v Bakke (1978) |
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| A sharply divided court concludde that the university's rejection of Bakke as a student had been illegal because the use of strict affirmative action quotas was inappropriate. |
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| Reno v American Civil Liberties Union (1997) |
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| Court ruled that the 1996 Communications Decency Act prohibiting transfer of obscene or indecent materials over the Internet to minors violated the 1st Amendment because it was too vague and overbroad. |
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| Court decided that every person should have an equally weighted vote in electing governmental representatives. |
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| Robinson v California (1962) |
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| Incorporated the 8th Amendment's right to freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. |
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| Supreme Court found that a woman's right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be implied from specific guarantees found in the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment. |
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| Colorado constitutional amendment precluding any legislative, executive or judicial action at any state or local level designed to bar discrimination based on sexual preference was ruled not rational or reasonable. |
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| The Court held that in order to be obscene, material must be "utterly without social value" |
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| Santa Fe Independent School District v Doe (2000) |
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| Court ruled that student-led, student-initiated prayer at high school football games violated the establishment clause. |
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| Case in which the Supreme Court interpreted the First Amendment to allow Congress to restrict speech that was "of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a duty to prevent". |
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| Seminole Tribe v Florida (1996) |
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| Congress cannot impose a duty on states forcing them to negotiate with Indian tribes; the state's sovereign immunity protects it from a congressional directive about how to do business. |
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| First in a series of redistricting cases in which the North Carolina legislature's reapportionment of congressional districts based on the 1990 Census was contested because the plan included an irregularly shaped district in which race seemed to be a dominant consideration. The Court ruled that districts created with race as the dominant consideration violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. |
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| Court chastised Michael Sindram for filing his petition in forma pauperis to require the Maryland courts to expedite his request to expunge a $35 speeding ticket from his record. |
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| The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) |
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| Court upheld Louisiana's right to create a monopoly on the operation of slaughterhouses, despite the Butcher's Benevolent Association's claim that this action deprived its members of their livelihood and the priveleges and immunities granted by the 14th amendment. |
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| South Dakota v Dole (1987) |
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| Court ruled that it was permissible for the federal government to require states that wanted transportation funds to pass laws setting twenty-one as the legal drinking age. |
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| Stenberg v Carhart (2000) |
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| Court ruled that a Nebraska "partial birth" abortion statute was unconstitutionally vague and unenforcable, calling into question the laws of 29 other states. |
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| Stromberg v California (1931) |
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| Court overturned the conviction of a director of a Communist youth camp under a state statute prohibiting the display of a red flag. |
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| Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenberg School District (1971) |
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| Supreme Court ruled that all vestiges of de jure discrimination must be eliminated at once. |
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| Case in which the Court overturned the conviction of a Texas man found guilty of setting fire to an American flag. |
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| Tinkler v Des Moines Independent School District (1969) |
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| Upheld student's rights to express themselves by wearing black armbands symbolizing protest of the Vietnam War. |
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| US v Curtis-Wright Export Corporation (1936) |
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| Court upheld the rights of Congress to grant the president authority to act in foreign affairs and to allow the president to prohibit arms shipments to participants in foreign wars. |
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| Court invalidated a section of the Gun Free School Zones Act, ruling that regulating guns did not fall within the scope of the commerce clause, and therefore the powers of the federal government. Only states have the authority to ban guns in school zones. |
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| The last time the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of the 2nd Amendment; ruled that the Amendment was only intended to protect a citizen's right to own ordinary militia weapons. |
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| Nixon's refusal to turn over tape recordings of his conversations led to the Court ruling that executive privilege does not grant the president an absolute right to secure all presidential appointments. |
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| US Term Limits v Thornton (1995) |
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| Supreme Court ruled that states do not have the authority enact term limits for federal elected officials. |
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| Washington v Texas (1967) |
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| Incorporated the 6th Amendment's right to a compulsory trial. |
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| Webster v Reproductive Health Services (1989) |
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| In upholding several restrictive abortion regulations, the Court opened the door for state governments to enact new restrictions on abortion. |
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| Case wherein the Supreme Court adopted exclusionary rule, which bars the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial. |
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| Wesberry v Sanders (1964) |
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| Established the principal of one person, one vote for congressional districts. |
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| Court ruled that illegally obtained evidence did not necessarily have to be eliminated from use during trial. |
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| Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v Sawyer (1952) |
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| Court invalidated President Harry Truman's seiqzure of the nation's steel mills. |
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| Zelman v Simmons-Harris (2002) |
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| Court concluded that governments can give money to parents to allow them to send their children to private or religious schools. |
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