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Suppositories, Capsules, Tablets
industrial pharmacy quesitons
106
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
11/07/2016

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Term
Suppositories are used for localized effects only.
Definition
False
Term
Typically vaginal suppositories weigh lower than rectal suppositories.
Definition
False
Term
Suppositories can be used for systemic absorption of drugs and avoid first-pass metabolism.
Definition
True
Term
Suppositories are not suited for people suffering from nausea or vomiting.
Definition
False
Term
Complete DS absorption may not be obtained because suppositories usually promote evacuation of bowel.
Definition
True
Term
Pessaries are type of suppositories intended for vaginal use.
Definition
True
Term
Pessaries are used almost exclusively for systemic use medication.
Definition
False
Term
Ideal properties of a suppository base are: (4)
Definition
1. Melt at body temperature.
2. Dissolve in body fluids.
3. Release a medication rapidly.
4. Stable to heating above the melting point.
Term
Fatty bases are designed to melt at body temperature.
Definition
True
Term
Theobroma oil is an example of a fatty base.
Definition
True
Term
Cocoa butter is a mixture of glycerol ester of different saturated fatty acids.
Definition
False (unsaturated fatty acid)
Term
Cocoa butter is solid at room temperature but melts in the body.
Definition
True
Term
If cocoa butter is over-heated and then cooled, it produces alpha and gamma unstable crystalline forms.
Definition
True
Term
Cocoa butter must be slowly melted over a warm water bath to avoid the formation of unstable crystalline form.
Definition
True
Term
One of the disadvantages of cocoa butter is its poor water absorbing ability which cannot be improved.
Definition
False (it can be improved)
Term
Synthetic hard fat bases have good resistance to oxidation because of the lower content of saturated fatty acids.
Definition
False (unsaturated fatty acids)
Term
Like other fatty bases, propylene glycol is required as a mold lubricant to remove suppositories of synthetic hard base molds.
Definition
False
Term
Glycerol-gelatin and macrogels are two examples of water-soluble and water-miscible bases.
Definition
True
Term
Disadvantages of glycerol-gelatin base include rectal irritation, hygroscopics and may produce laxative effect.
Definition
True
Term
Polyethylene glycols (macrogels) with average molecules weight of 300-600 are clear, colorless liquids while those of 600-1000 are semisolids
Definition
True
Term
PEGs of different m.w. are used in varying proportions to produce suppository bases with varying melting point, dissolution rates, and physical characteristics.
Definition
True
Term
Mineral oil is usually used as a mold lubricant for glycerol-gelatin suppositories.
Definition
True
Term
Semisolid dosage forms are applied topically for only local effect.
Definition
False (local and systemic effects)
Term
Ideal properties of semisolid dosage forms are smooth surface, elegant appearance, gritty, dehydrating, non-greasy, non-staining, hygroscopic, less irritating and none aqueous wash ability.
Definition
False
(gritty, dehydrating, hygroscopic, none aqueous wash ability are NOT IDEAL)
Term
Lotion can be classified as a semisolid dosage form.
Definition
False (Lotion is an emulsion)
Term
The only way to incorporate drug substance in an ointment is by suspending it.
Definition
False (many more ways)
Term
Creams can be both o/w and w/o types.
Definition
True
Term
Pastes are generally thin and contain small amount of finely divided particles.
Definition
False (thick with lots of particles)
Term
jellies must be transparent and non-greasy.
Definition
False (not all have to be transparent)
Term
Plaster provide prolonged drug contact with the skin.
Definition
True
Term
Skin may be classified based on thickness (thin or thick) of the epidermis (especially the surface layer-stratum conium).
Definition
True
Term
The only factors which influence skin penetration are physico-chemical properties of drug substance and effect of vehicles.
Definition
False (many factors for skin penetration)
Term
All factors such as skin age, its temperature and hydration level effect skin penetration.
Definition
True
Term
Active substances' molecular characteristics including its polymorphism states and partition coefficient would influence skin penetration.
Definition
True
Term
Vehicle volatility does not influence skin penetration.
Definition
False (it does influence penetration)
Term
Oleaginous bases are fats, fixed oils, anhydrous but do absorb water.
Definition
False (do not absorb water, they are fats)
Term
Oleaginous bases may be used for all typical semisolid preparations including those applied to infected skin.
Definition
False (Do not apply to infected skin)
Term
Oleaginous bases are used for hydrolysable drugs.
Definition
True
Term
Absorption bases are identical to oleaginous base.
Definition
False
Term
Absorption bases are anhydrous substances and may absorb considerable quantities of water but still retain their ointment-like consistency.
Definition
True
Term
Most absorption bases are o/w type.
Definition
False
Term
W/O emulsion bases have the same properties as the absorption bases.
Definition
True
Term
W/O emulsion bases are anhydrous, hydrophilic, non-water removable and occlusive.
Definition
True
Term
W/O emulsion bases are used as drug vehicles only.
Definition
False
Term
O/W emulsion bases are hydrous, water soluble and water washable.
Definition
False
Term
Water washable bases contain oil but are completely soluble in water.
Definition
False
Term
Macrogels are mixture of water and polycondensation products of ethylene oxide.
Definition
True
Term
Some advantages of water-soluble bases are: (3)
Definition
1. non-greasy
2. lipid free
3. relatively inert
Term
Oleaginous and all absorption bases provide higher levels of occlusion and emollient properties.
Definition
True
Term
Pharmaceutical factors is selecting an appropriate base are stability, effect on skin, non-irritant, consistency and emulsifying properties.
Definition
False (dermatology effects)
Term
Penetration enhances promote per-cutaneous absorption, improves solubility of API in the stratum corneum and facilitate drug diffusion.
Definition
True
Term
Ideal characteristics of penetration enhancers include: no therapeutic activity, non-irritating and enhance penetration in multi-directional pathways.
Definition
False (uni-directional pathways)
Term
Antioxidants may be classified as antioxigens, reducing agents or antioxidant synergist.
Definition
True
Term
Antioxidants act by reacting with free radicals attacking the healthy cells of the body.
Definition
True
Term
Humectants increase the solubility of drug substance, elevate skin penetration and elevate skin hydration.
Definition
True
Term
Gelling agents are organic hydrocolloids or hydrophobic inorganic substances and form a weakly cohesive internal structure.
Definition
True
Term
Which one is ideally suited for wet granulation?
Definition
Sigma blade mixer
Term
Which one would generate heat during milling?
Definition
Colloidal mill
Term
Per USP, the average net contents of 10 semisolid containers should not be less than the labeled amount.
Definition
True
Term
The presence of metal particles is more problematic with the ophthalmic ointments.
Definition
True
Term
All semisolid preparations packaged in tubes require sterility testing.
Definition
False (only ophthalmics need to be sterile)
Term
All semisolids are packaged aluminum or plastic tubes.
Definition
False (jars too)
Term
Emulsion is a dispersion system of two immiscible liquids.
Definition
True
Term
In emulsion, dispersed phase is composed of small globules of liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible.
Definition
True
Term
An emulsion is thermodynamically stable.
Definition
False (thermodynamically unstable)
Term
There are four elements in any emulsion: (4)
Definition
1. Dispersed phase
2. Dispersion phase
3. Emulsifying agent
4. Energy
Term
Dispersed phase may be termed as internal or continuous phase.
Definition
False (continuous = external phase)
Term
Dispersed phase may be termed as internal or discontinuous.
Definition
True
Term
Continuous phase is also called 'external phase'
Definition
True
Term
Continuous phase is also called 'dispersion phase'
Definition
True
Term
In o/w emulsion, oil droplets are dispersed in water.
Definition
True
Term
In w/o emulsion, oil droplets are dispersed in water.
Definition
False
Term
Micro emulsions are kinetically stable but thermodynamically unstable.
Definition
False (kinetically unstable, thermodynamically stable)
Term
Macro emulsions are thermodynamically stable.
Definition
False (unstable)
Term
In macro emulsion, diameter of dispersed phase droplets is less than 0.1 um.
Definition
False
Term
O/W/O is multiple emulsion in which water is the dispersion phase.
Definition
False
Term
Water is the dispersion phase in w/o/w
Definition
True
Term
Lotions are considered as a type of emulsion.
Definition
True
Term
Mono molecular layers of emulsifying agents are curved around a droplet of the internal phase of the emulsion is called as ________ theory of emulsification.
Definition
Oriented Wedge
Term
Water is considered as an additive in emulsion formulation.
Definition
False
Term
Emulgents are added to an emulsion to prevent coalescence of the globules of the dispersed phase.
Definition
True
Term
Emulsion is a thermodynamically stabilized by reducing interfacial tension.
Definition
True
Term
Formation of a rigid interfacial film provides mechanical barrier to coalescence.
Definition
True
Term
An acceptable emulsifier must be stable, compatible with other ingredients, non-toxic, with odor, taste or color.
Definition
False (odorless, tasteless, colorless)
Term
Emulsifiers may be classified as synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural, and finely divided solid particles.
Definition
True
Term
Synthetic surfactants reduce interfacial tension and make the emulsion thermodynamically more stable.
Definition
True
Term
Synthetic surfactants form protective mono-molecular film by adsorbing at oil/water interface.
Definition
True
Term
Surfactants may be cationic, anionic or nonionic.
Definition
True
Term
Quaternary ammonium compounds carry positive charge and are an example of anionic surfactant.
Definition
False (cationic = positive)
Term
Semi-synthetic and natural surfactants form a multi-molecular film around the droplets.
Definition
True
Term
Semi-synthetic surfactants like CMC, are used for formulating w/o type of emulsion and act primarily by increasing viscosity of the system.
Definition
False
Term
Tragacanth is an example of natural surfactant.
Definition
True
Term
'Particle films' types of surfactants function by forming a physical barrier to coalescence.
Definition
True
Term
Bentonite and veegum are examples of 'particle films' types of emulsifiers.
Definition
True
Term
Emulsifiers with HLB values between 3 and 6 are used to form o/w type of emulsions.
Definition
False (HLB > 8 = o/w)
Term
Emulsifiers with HLB value between 8 and 18 are used for o/w type of emulsions.
Definition
True
Term
Antimicrobial preservatives are used against bacterial growth only.
Definition
False
Term
Antioxidation occurs by free radical reaction.
Definition
True
Term
Creaming, flocculation, and phase inversion are a few examples of physical instability of emulsions.
Definition
True
Term
When neighboring globules come closer to each other and form colonies in continuous phase, it is termed as _____ type of emulsion instability.
Definition
Flocculation
Term
When globules move at the top or bottom of the emulsion, it is termed as _____ type of emulsion instability.
Definition
Creaming
Term
The process in which dispersed particles come together but do not fuse is called:
Definition
Aggregation
Term
The process in which dispersed particles merge with each other to form large particles is called:
Definition
Coalescence
Term
Dilution, conductivity and/or dye-solubility tests are used to determine emulsion type.
Definition
True
Term
W/O emulsion can be diluted by water without phase separation.
Definition
False
Term
When water soluble red dye (amaranth) is added to an emulsion and the dispersed globules appear red and continuous phase remains colorless, then the type of emulsion is:
Definition
W/O
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