Term
Trazezius
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action
-descending: elevation of scapula
-middle: pull scapula posterior
-ascending: depress scapula/shoulder
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve XI
Origin: midline occipital protuberance below T2
Insertion: scapular spine & acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle |
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Term
Latissimus dorsi
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: extend, rotate, retract humerus medially; adduction of humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
Origin: T7-12 spinous process, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus on medial humerus |
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Term
Rhomboids
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: retract & rotate scapula (depressing glenoid cavity), forcefully lowering raised arms
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
Origin:
-Minor: nuchal ligament (C7-T1 spinous processes)
-Major: T2-T5 spinous processes
Insertion
-Minor: medial scapular spine along medial border of scapula
-Major: medial scapular border from spine to inferior angle. |
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Term
Deltoid
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action
-anterior: flex & internal rotation of humerus
-posterior: extend & lat. rotate humerus
-middle: abduction (after 1st 15 degrees is done)
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6)
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity humerus |
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Term
Teres Major
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: adduct humerus, internal rotate humerus, extend humerus from flexed position
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Origin: lower 1/3 dorsal surface of lateral scapular border
Insertion: medial intertubercular groove on humerus |
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Term
Supraspinatus
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: assists deltoid in 1st 15 degrees
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4,5)
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus |
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Term
Infraspinatus
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: lateral/external humerus rotation, stabilize glenohumeral joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle on humerus |
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Term
Teres Minor
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: external rotation humerus, humerus adduction
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6)
Origin: upper 2/3 lateral edge of dorsal scapula
Insertion: inferior facet of humerus greater tubercle |
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Term
Subscapularis
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: stabilize against ant. dislocation, internal humerus rotation, adduction of humerus
Innervation: upper & lower subscapular nerve (C6,7)
Origin: medial subscapular fossa, lower lateral scapular border
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus |
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Term
Posterior triangle of neck
Inferior
Superio-medial
Superio-lateral |
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Definition
Inferior: superior surface of clavicle
Superio-medial: lateral border of sternocleidomastoid
Superior-lateral: medial border of trapezius |
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Term
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Definition
Floor: between ribs 6 and 7
Inferior: superior border of latissimus dorsi
Medial: lateral border of trapezius
Later: medial border of rhomboid major |
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Term
Levator Scapulae
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: lifts scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
Origin: posterior tubercles of C1-C4 transverse processes
Insertion: medial border of scapula above root of scapular spine |
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Term
Serratus posterior (superior and inferior portions)
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: expand ribcage
Innervation:
-superior: T2-T5 intercostal nerves
-inferior: T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerve
Origin
-superior: C7-T3 spinous process
-inferior: T11-L1 spinous process
Insertion
-superior: Rib 2-4 sup. border
-inferior: Rib 8-12 inf. border near angles |
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Term
Serratus Anterior
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: protract scapula against chest wall, rotate scapula for abduction & flexion of arm
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)
Origin: lateral external rib surface 1-8
Insertion: medial anterior border of scapula |
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Term
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Definition
muscles;
-long head of triceps
-teres minor
-teres major
-humerus
-axillary nerve
-posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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Term
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Definition
| scapular circumflex artery |
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Term
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Definition
radial nerve
deep brachial artery |
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Term
Of the intrinsic back muscles, name the ones in the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers.
What are the segmental muscles? |
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Definition
Superficial: splenius capitus, splenius cervicis
Intermediate: erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
-iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Deep: transversospinalis
-semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores brevis, rotatores longus
Segmental: interspinalis, intertransversarii, levatores costarum longus and brevis |
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Term
Splenius capitus and cervicis
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: flex head or rotate head
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Origin:
-cervicis: spinous processes T3-T6
-capitis: spinous processes C7-T4 with ligamentum nuchae
Insertion
-cervicis: transverse process C1-3
-capitis: mastoid process, lateral to to nuchal line deep to SCM |
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Term
Erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracic, lumborum
Longissimus/spinalis: capitis, thoracis
Action: extends & laterally flexes vertebral column
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, spinous & transverse processes, ribs
Insertion: ribs, transverse & spinous processes and occiput |
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Term
Transversospinalis - semispinalis
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: extension and rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Origin: transverse process of C1-T10
Insertion: occipital bone & spinous process of C2-T4 |
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Term
Transversospinalis - multifidus
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: extension & rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: sacrum, mamillary processes of all lumbar vertibrae, transverse process all thoracic vertebrae, articular process of C3-C7
Insertion: spinous process C2-L5 (2-4 superior to origin) |
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Term
Transversospinalis - rotatores
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: extension & rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: transverse process each vertebrae
Insertion: base of spinous process of adjoining vertebrae above |
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Term
Segmental - interspinales
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: extends and rotates
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerve
Origin: superior spinous process C & T
Insertion: inferior spinous process above |
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Term
Segmental muscles - intertransversaii
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: lateral flexion and stability
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerve
Origin: transverse process C&T
Insertion: transverse process adjacent vertebra |
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Term
Segmental - levatores costarum
Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion |
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Definition
Action: elevates ribs, lateral flexion
Innervation: inferolaterally to ribs
Origin: tips of transverse processes C7-T11
Insertion |
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Term
Name the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia.
Where does it run?
What lies between the layers? |
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Definition
-Posterior, Middle, Superficial
-extends from iliac crest and sacrum to thoracic cage and envelops paravertebral musculature
-between anterior and middle layers is the quadratus lumborum muscle. |
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Term
| Suboccipital region - 4 muscles |
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Definition
-Rectus capitis posterior (major/minor)
-Obliquus capitis (sup/inf) |
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior major |
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Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: spinous process of C2
Insertion: lateral part of inf nuchal line of occipital bone |
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Term
| Rectus capitus Posterior minor |
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Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: post.tubercle of post.arch C1
Insertion: medial inferior nuchal line of occipital bone |
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Term
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Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: post.tubercle of post.arch C2
Insertion: transverse process C1 |
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Term
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Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: transverse process C1
Insertion: occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines. |
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Term
| Name the sides, roof, and floor of the suboccipital triangle |
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Definition
superomedial: rectus capitus post. major
superolateral: obliquus capitis superior
inferolateral: obliquus capitis inferior
Roof: semispinalis capitis
Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane |
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