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sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones
pharm ch. 46
20
Pharmacology
Graduate
10/19/2009

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Term
MOA of sulfonamides
Definition
inhibitors of folic acid synthesis
Term
MOA of trimethoprim
Definition
selective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
Term
trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole for
Definition
sequential blockade of folate synthesis
Term
clinical use of sulfonamides
Definition
chlamydiae and nocardia
Term
use of TMP-SMX
Definition
H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis and PCP
Term
MOA of fluoroquinolones
Definition
interfere w/ DNA synthesis by inhibiting topoisomerase II
Term
fluoroquinolones treat
Definition
E coli, K. pneumoniae, C. jejuni, enterobacter, P aeruginosa, salmonella, shigella, UTIs and GI infections
Term
which statement about sulfonamides is accurate
Definition
dysfunction of the basal ganglia may occur in the newborn if sulfonamides are administered late in pregnancy
Term
combination of TMP-SMX is effective against which opportunisitic infection in the AIDS pt
Definition
toxoplasmosis
Term
a 24 yo F has returned from a vacation abroad suffering from traveler's diarrhea, and her problem has not responded to antidiarrheal drugs. a pathogenic gram-negative bacillus is suspected. which drug is most likely to be effective in the tx of this pt
Definition
levofloxacin
Term
which statement about the clinical use of sulfonamides is false?
Definition
sulfonamides are effective in rocky mountain spotted fever in pts allergic to tetracyclines
Term
a 31 yo man has gonorrhea. he has no drug allergies, but a few years ago acute hemolysis followed use of an antimalarial drug. the physician is concerned that the pt has an accompanying utrethritis caused by C. trachomatis, although no cultures or enzyme tests have been performed. which of the following drugs is most likely to be effective against both gonococci and c. trachomatis in this pt
Definition
ofloxacin
Term
which statement about the fluoroquinolones is accurate
Definition
gonococcal resistance to fluoroquinolones may involve changes in DNA gyrase
Term
a 55 yo man complains of periodic bouts of diarrhea w/ lower abdominal cramping and intermittent rectal bleeding. seen in the clinic, he appears well nourished, w/ blood pressure in the normal range. examination reveals moderate abdominal pain and tenderness. his current medications are limited to loperamide for his diarrhea. sigmoidoscopy reveals mucosal edema, friability and some pus. laboratory findings include mild anemia and decreased serum albumin. microbiologic examination via stool cultures and muscosal biopsies do not reveal any evidence for bacterial, amebic or CMV involvement. a preliminary diagnosis is made of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. the most appropriate drug to use is
Definition
sulfasalazine
Term
which statement about the combination of TMP-SMX is false
Definition
it is appropriate for the tx of community-acquired pneumonia
Term
which adverse effect is most likely to occur w/ sulfonamides
Definition
skin reactions
Term
which drug is effective in the tx of nocardiosis and in combination w/ pyrimethamine, is prophylactic against PCP infections in AIDS pts
Definition
sulfadiazine
Term
which statement about ciprofloxacin is accurate
Definition
tendinitis and tendon rupture may occur during treatment
Term
supplementary folinic acid may prevent anemia in folate deficient persons who use this drug, a weak base that achieves tissue levels similar to those in plasma
Definition
trimethoprim
Term
only weak base drug
Definition
trimethoprim
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