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Study2
Study 2nd Test
180
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
05/13/2010

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Term
One Explanation for the rugged silhouette of the many of Gaudi's buildings is the influence of what spiritual landmark?
Definition
Mt. Serrat
Term
Major Difference between Horta's designs and Guimard's was
Definition
Horta-2D Guimard-3D
Term
What two structural elements unique to his time did Gaudi employ in many of his buildings?
Definition
A. Parabolic Arches
B. Inclined columns
Term
The author of Entretiens of 1863, which argues for a return to regional building and quoted Gothic architecture as the model of a structurally rational style was:
Definition
Viollet-le-duc
Term
Hector Guimard is best known for the design of the
Definition
Paris Subway Stations
Term
Why did Gaudi incline his columns?
Definition
To mimic violette and minimize thrust
Term
The other major Belgian Art Nouveau architect besides Horta was
Definition
Henry Van de Velde
Term
List two of Violett-le-Duc's major ideas that were very influential during the 1880s an 1980s.
Definition
A. Form derived from nature
B. Structural Rationalism
Term
The trademark formal element of Art Nouveau was the
Definition
Whiplash curve/line
Term
What theoretician was very influential on the work of Victor Horta
Definition
Violett-le-Duc
Term
Describe Gaudi's technique of structural analysis and design
Definition
he used wires and weights then reflected the shape vertically to determine the shape of the building
Term
The Belgian Art Nouveau architect who eventually moved to Berlin was
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
The German equivalent of Art Nouveau was called
Definition
Jugendstil
Term
List three architectural movements in the 19th Century the we have studied this quarter that were manifestations of the rise of nationalism
Definition
Art Nouveau
Austrian Secessionism
Arts and Crafts
Term
The Paris Subway stations were designed by
Definition
Guimard
Term
The difference between Horta's curvilinear lines and those of van de Velde was
Definition
Horta-2d
Van de Velde-3d
Term
The best explanation for the inspiration of the exterior form of Sagrada Gamilia is
Definition
Mt Serrat
Term
The theoretician who had the greatest influence on the development of Art Nouveau architecture was
Definition
Violett-le-Duc
Term
Gaudi's patron in Barcelona was
Definition
Guell
Term
Victor Horta is know for what style of architecture?
Definition
Art Nouveau
Term
A distinguishing motif of Art Nouveau was the
Definition
whiplash curve/line
Term
The arches used by Gaudi had a______ profile
Definition
parabolic
Term
Art Nouveau architecture originated in what country
Definition
Belgium
Term
The architect know for his wire and fishing weight models usd to determine the structure of his buildings was
Definition
Gaudi
Term
What project by Mackintosh exhibited at the Secession had a profound influence on these designers?
Definition
House for an Art Lover
Term
The nickname given to the group of four designers centered around mackintosh because of the colors and forms the used was the
Definition
Spook School
Term
Margaret McDonald's signature motif was the
Definition
Rosebud
Term
The city that was the center of German applied arts and the home of the Ernst Ludwig school of art was
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
What influence did Glasgow have on Mackintosh's design approach?
Definition
Center of ship Building and luxury liners in Europe it promoted efficient spatial design and technological integration in Mack's projects
Term
The architect of the Secession building was
Definition
Olbrich
Term
The winner of the competition for the Vienna subway system was
Definition
Wagner
Term
What two geometric shapes are prevalent in Mackintosh's symbolism?
Definition
A. Circle
B. Square
Term
Describe Mackintosh's approach to the design of interior spaces:
Definition
studied function of space then built subspaces around functions and let that influence the exterior not vice versa
Term
Compare Hoffmann's approach in design of surface and volume with that of Wright's:
Definition
Hoffman emphasized the corner
Wright deemphasized the corners and wrapped around them
Term
List 3 Differences between the exterior of a ZVoyset house and that of a Mackintosh house
Definition
V-white stucco M-gray stucco
V-trim around windows M-No trim
V-Roof dominant M-Walls dominant
Term
What city did Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig try to make into a German "Athens"?
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
Name the firm that Joseph Hoffmann helped to start that produced high quality objects and furnishings for houses
Definition
Werkstatte
Term
______was the father figure of the secessionists
Definition
Wagner
Term
the painter who collaborate with Olbrich in the design of the Secession Building was
Definition
Klimt
Term
"I am particularly interested in the square as such and in the use of black and white as dominant colors, because these clear elements have never appeared in earlier styles," is a quote by
Definition
Hoffmann
Term
The Secessionists were located in what city?
Definition
Vienna
Term
The two people responsible for the design of the Secession Building were:
Definition
Olbrich
Klimt
Term
Charles Rennie Mackintosh had a connection with which continental European Art movement?
Definition
Secessionalism
Term
The elecational treatment used in the entrance facade of Grundtvig church is best describes as________. Where did this form originate in Denmark?
Definition
Stepped Gable
In the traditional dutch building techniques
Term
What device is used in the Stockholm City Hall to link it with the adjacent lake?
Definition
arcade
Term
List 2 precedents for Saarinen's final design of the main entry in the Helsinki Railroad Station
Definition
A. Ernst Ludwig House
B. Sullivan's Golden Door
Term
The Kallio Church was Designed by
Definition
Sonck
Term
Describe the elevational treatment Saarinen typically used in the towers of his Finnish buildings:
Definition
Holding the corners and continuous vertical in center
Term
The building typically credited with the start of the National Romantic movement in Scandinavia is
Definition
Copenhagen City Hall
Term
The Tampere Cathedral was designed by
Definition
Sonck
Term
"The arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volume" best describes the compositional theory employed by
Definition
Saarinen
Term
The movement in Scandinavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as
Definition
National Romantic
Term
List two reasons why Saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings:
Definition
A. Create a landmark
B. control the sprawling form/pin the building to site
C. Balance and offset the horizontal elements
Term
The style the evolved in Finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to 'russify' Finland was
Definition
National Romanticism
Term
Saarinen's favorite interior color was
Definition
green
Term
The typical Saarinen formal composition incorporated a _______ element to_____
Definition
tower/vertical element to balance horizontals and anchor it into the landscape
Term
________is the name of residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen
Definition
hvittrask
Term
"Hvittrask" was the name given to the residential complex of
Definition
Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen
Term
What two things were necessar to be developed in the late 18th early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures?
Definition
A. Metal Reinforcing
B. Portland Cement
Term
List 3 reasons why Larson considers reinforced concrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture:
Definition
A. No precedent
B. no inherent shape
C. Doesn't need fireproofing
D. Structurally rational
Term
Ernest Ransome's concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what French pioneer in concrete?
Definition
Hennebique
Term
The first important French contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the Franco-Prussian War was:
Definition
coignet
Term
The architect chosen by Henry Ford to design his factories in Detroit was
Definition
Albert Kahn
Term
What economic advantage did the Hennebique system enjoy in Paris?
Definition
thinner floor slab=more space (1 more floor per building)
Term
What was the secret of Roman cement that was rediscovered in the 19th century?
Definition
A Hydraulic nature, drys w/o air
Term
the French rationalist tradition, started by Soufflot, and best represented by the work of Perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles?
Definition
A. Neo-classicism (ornament)
B. Gothic (structional rationalism)
Term
What other theoretician, besides Viollet-le-Duc influenced the work of Perret?
Definition
Soufflot
Term
What 2 theoreticians influenced the work of Perret?
Definition
Viollett-le-Dec and Soufflot
Term
The Architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in Detroit was
Definition
Albert Kahn
Term
The first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the
Definition
Ingalls Building
Term
The Swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched , three-hinged concrete bridges was
Definition
Maillart
Term
Portland Cement was first invented in which country?
Definition
England
Term
The demise of terra-cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of
Definition
San Francisco Earthquake, 1906
Term
In which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed?
Definition
France
Term
What advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron from the viewpoint of structural rationalists?
Definition
Structure is more rational so it can be exposed without any problems. It didn't need any covering
Term
Which French engineer built an international concrete company after the Franco-Prussian War?
Definition
Perret
Term
What was the name of Tony Garnier's socialist utopian city which employed concrete housing and solar power?
Definition
cite industrielle
Term
What is generally regarded as the first American reinforced concrete building?
Definition
Ingalls Building
Term
Name the four types of construction that Semper use to order The Four Elements of Architecture
Definition
1. Fired
2. Layered
3. Carpentry
4. Woven
Term
What past style did Semper champion as being capable of further development?
Definition
romanesque
Term
What was the precedent for the Brandenburg Gate?
Definition
Athenian Propylea
Term
The first theoretician to speculate about the woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was
Definition
Semper
Term
The German artist usuall credited as having coined the term "gesamtkunstwerk" is
Definition
Wagner
Term
The Wasmuth Volumes documented the early work of
Definition
FLW
Term
The term, raumplan, was devised by______ to describe his interiors which incorporated interpenetrations of spaces.
Definition
Loos
Term
The Steiner House was designed by
Definition
Loos
Term
The Steiner House was designed by
Definition
Loos
Term
Define Kuntswollen
Definition
an individual artist's ability to generate form
Term
The German term for an individual "imposing one's artistic will" upon a design problem is
Definition
Kuntswollen
Term
The German architectural writer who mythologized the English Arts and Crafts house at the turn of the century was
Definition
Muthesius
Term
Gropius was responsible for the design of what building at the 1914 Cologne Exhibition?
Definition
Model Factory
Term
Name 2 leading designers that were placed in charge of a major German school of design prior to WWI
Definition
A. Behrens
B. Paul
Term
Loos' major criticism of the Deutscher Werkbund was that it
Definition
was too controlling
Term
The Deutscher Werkbund chose _______ to design the modle factory for its 1914 Cologne exhibition. The final design was influenced by what Wright building?____
Definition
Gropius and Meyer
Mason City Bank
Term
Peter Behrens was hired by ____ to redesign its corporate image.
Definition
AEG
Term
The author of "Ornament and Crime" was
Definition
Loos
Term
AEG of Germany hired________ to redesign its entire image, production, and buildings.
Definition
Behrens
Term
One of the three founders of the Deutscher Werkbund was
Definition
Muthsius
Term
Gropius was responsible for what building at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition?
Definition
Model Factory
Term
Das Englische Haus was written by
Definition
Muthesius
Term
What was Loos' opinion of Gesamtkunstwerk?
Definition
too controlling
Term
What was the primary difference in intention between a Kahn-designed factory and a Behrens-designed AEG factory?
Definition
Behrens used it as art whereas Kahn used it as just a building
Term
The ________ was founded to encourage the improvement of machine production in Germany
Definition
Deutscher Werkbund
Term
Behrens was greatly influenced by which philosopher?
Definition
Nietsche
Term
Herman Muthesius used which type of building as the model for Germany to emulate in order to improve its building design?
Definition
English Arts and Crafts
Term
How can one view the design of the Fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG turbine factory?
Definition
The fagus factory pulled in columns
AEG factory pushed out columns
Term
What was Loos' criticism of Behren's designs?
Definition
too controlling
Term
Adolf Loos' major written treatise on architecture was
Definition
Ornament and Crime
Term
The Fagus Works was designed by
Definition
Gropius (and Meyer)
Term
The German architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of German manufactured goods at the 1851 World's Fair was
Definition
Semper
Term
In what three shapes did Cezanne say that nature revelas itself?
Definition
Cone, cylinder, sphere
Term
The Futurist Manifesto was written by
Definition
Marinetti
Term
List 2 factors which occurred prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting:
Definition
a. Japanese Prints
b. New Technologies
Term
The primary objective of Cubist painting was
Definition
movement over time
Term
What 3 shapes did Cubists painters employ in their paintings?
Definition
circles, squares, and triangles
Term
Name a cubist painter:
Definition
Picasso
Term
________ Is the name given to a group of radical Italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of WWI
Definition
Futurists
Term
The Futurist movement was centered in
Definition
Italy
Term
What was one of the compositional goals of Cubist paintings?
Definition
various viewpoints, implies motion
Term
The architect of the Centennial Hall in Breslau was
Definition
Max Berg
Term
Describe Hugo Harings design methodology as manifested in the Gut Garkau cowshed:
Definition
architecture as an organic form
Term
______ designed the Weimar government's new research tower for Einstein
Definition
Mendelsohn
Term
______ designed the first Goetheanum
Definition
Steiner
Term
List 3 buildings at the Werkbund's 1914 Cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in German architecture prior to the start of WW1
Definition
1. Model Theater (dynamism)
2. Glass Pavilion (crystalism)
3. Model Factory (objectivism)
Term
The architect of Luckenwalde Hat Factory and Dyeworks was
Definition
Mendelsohn
Term
Did Mies extrude the lotlines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals? Why?
Definition
No he understood the need for reflection
Term
The designer of the German Glass Industr Pavilion at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund exhibition was
Definition
Bruno Taut
Term
Give an example of a different German Expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials:
1. glass
2. brick
3. dynamism (concrete)
Definition
1.Taut
2. Hoger
3. Poelzig or Mendelsohn
Term
Why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the German Expressionists?
Definition
It was a total work of art. All disciplines or art were working together.
Term
___________ was the major building project that focused the energies of German expressionists immediately following the end of WWI
Definition
Grosses Schauspielhaus
Term
The Chilehaus in Hamburg was designed by
Definition
Hoger
Term
The author of "Glass Architecture" was
Definition
Scheerbart
Term
The Cathedral of Socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement?
Definition
German Expressionist
Term
The Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin was designed by
Definition
Poelzig
Term
What was the 'Crystal Chain'?
Definition
an avangard group of underground expressionalist in Germany
Term
The first Expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by
Definition
Mies Van der Rohe
Term
Concerning the Spiritual in Art was written by
Definition
Kandinsky
Term
Anthroposophy was founded by
Definition
Steiner
Term
Sketch the typical elevational/massing scheme for an Art Deco Skyscraper:
Definition
(Empire State Building)
Term
The traditional atrium in the 19th century skyscrapers was quickly replaced by
Definition
elevators
Term
List 3 influences on the Art Deco skyscraper that came from Europe:
Definition
1. Saarinen's tower
2. NYC zoning codes
3. Paris World's Fair
4. German Expressionist
Term
The second-place winner of the Chicago Tribune competition was
Definition
Saarinen
Term
What World's Fair (date and city) played a pivotal role in the development of Art Deco in the US?
Definition
1925 Paris
Term
What building project finally forced NY to initiate proceedings toward a zoning code that would limit the size of skyscrapers:
Definition
Equitable Life Insurance Building, 1915
Term
The conte crayon renderings of the design potential of the 1916 NY zoning code were drawn by
Definition
Hugh Faris
Term
The Autobiography of an Idea was written by
Definition
Louis Sullivan
Term
The first Neo Gothic skyscraper to break the stranglehold of neo-classicism in NYC was the
Definition
Woolworth Building
Term
List 2 precedents for the ornament used on the Art Deco skyscraper
Definition
a. german expressionism
b. chicago school
Term
List 2 precedents for the massing of the Art Deco skyscraper:
Definition
a. Saarinen's Chicago Tribune Entry
b. NYC zoning codse of 1916
Term
_______designed the Nebraska state Capitol
Definition
Goodhue
Term
______designed the Singer Building, the first U.S. building to break the 600' mark.
Definition
Flagg
Term
The style of the Woolworth Building in NYC designed by Cass Gilbert can best be described as
Definition
Gothic
Term
The building that forced NYC to enact a zoning code in 1916 was designed by
Definition
Graham (built the Equitable Life Insurance Building)
Term
Ernest Flagg's design of the Singer Building in New York can best be described as
Definition
2nd Empire
Term
The Chicago Tribune competition was won by
Definition
Hood and Howells
Term
The European City that was the inspiration for Wiley Corbet's and Hugh Ferris' multi-level city studies was
Definition
Venice
Term
True or False: Art Deco was based on rejecting contemporary technology and using the vocab of traditional architecture
Definition
false
Term
Wright would later state that he was influenced by ______ in the design of his Californian "knit-block" houses
Definition
Mayan
Term
Wright designed 2 highrise projects in the 1920s. They are:
Definition
St. Mark's in the Bowrie and National Life Insurance Building
Term
________ designed the First Church, Christ the Scientist in Berkeley.
Definition
Maybeck
Term
Describe how Wright achieved a 2 story living area in the apartments in his proposed tower for St. Marks in the Bowrie:
Definition
Floors are cantilevered off main core
Term
Describe how Wright achieved a 2 story living area in the apartments in his proposed tower for St. Marks in the Bowrie:
Definition
Floors are cantilevered off main core
Term
________ is noted as the first american architect to completely eschew the use of all ornament in his designs in favor of an asymmetrical massing of rectilinear forms with smooth, white washed walls with frameless windows
Definition
Irving Gill
Term
______ is best known for his eclecticism, being able to synthesize a diverse collection of stylistic elements with the technology of the day, including such off-the-shelf materials as industrial metal sash and sheet asbestos panels.
Definition
Maybeck
Term
The term that best describes the style of buildings designed by Maybeck is
Definition
Eclectic Empirist
Term
The type of California house that influenced the work of Greene and Greene was known as the:
Definition
Bungalow
Term
Describe "Knit-block" construction:
Definition
modular system of patterned concrete blocks w rebar reinforcing
Term
one of the major differences between the houses designed by Wright and those designed by Greene and Greene was that Wright used)________ roofs while Greene and Greene used ______ roofs
Definition
hip; gable
Term
"There is something very restful and satisfying to my mind in the simple cube house with creamy walls, sheer and plain, rising boldly into the sky, unrelieved by cornices or overhang of roof," is a quote by ________ which describes his inner feelings of his residential designs
Definition
Gill
Term
List 3 precautions Wright designed into the Imperial Hotel in anticipation of seismic action.
Definition
Friction Piles; Walls are tapered;and the connections are as flexible as possible
Term
The architect recognize as the master of the early California bungalow in which sensuously-detailed wood construction and deep overhanging balconies were used was
Definition
Greene and Greene
Term
_______ is the name of Wrights compound in Spring Green
Definition
Taliesin
Term
The architect of the Rusakov Workers Club was
Definition
Melnikov
Term
Name 2 Avant-garde art movements which emerged in Russia just prior to the Russian revolution and the respective leader of each
Definition
A. Suprematism-Malevich
B. Constructivism-Tatlin
Term
Name the 2 avant-garde architecture movements which emerged in Russia during the leadership of Lenin and an architect from each:
Definition
A. Rationalists-Malevich
B.Constructivists-Vesnin Bros.
Term
The spiraling design for the proposed Monument to the Third International was conceived by
Definition
Tatlin
Term
______ was the design school in Communist Russia that preceeded the Bauhaus.
Definition
VK
Term
Constructivist architecture was primarily a product of this country:
Definition
Soviet Union
Term
Name a Russian Suprematist painter:
Definition
Malevich
Term
"Prouns" ideograms with a Utopian content, were conceived by
Definition
El Lissitsky
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