Term
|
Definition
| nerve cell specialized for communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of neuron that receives signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of neuron that sends signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spherical sac containing neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components, consisting of small and large molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supporting actors in the nervous system; protect neurons. respond to injury by releasing chemicals that promote healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glial cells forming a fatty coating that prevents certain substances from entering the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron's signal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron's signal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means of recycling neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system; participates in relay of sensory info and learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical in the brain that plays a specialized role in paid reduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical charge difference (-60 millivolts)across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| absolute refractory period |
|
Definition
| time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of the nervous system to change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation of new neurons in the adult brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures in the forebrain that help to control movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional center of brain that also play roles in smell, motivation, and memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PART OF THE BRAIN BETWEEN THE SPINAL CORD AND CEREBRAL CORTEX THAT CONTAINS THE MEDULLA, MIDBRAIN, PONS, AND CEREBELLUM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structure responsible for our sense of balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid, which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the nervous system that conveys information between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordinating voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of damage due to surgery, injury, or disease |
|
|
Term
| electroencephalograph(EEG) |
|
Definition
| recording of brain's electrical activity at the surface of the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a scanning technique using multiple x-rays to construct three-dimensional images. |
|
|
Term
| magnetic reasoning imaging(MRI) |
|
Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure |
|
|
Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) |
|
Definition
| imaging technique that measures consumption of glucoselike molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity using the BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent) response |
|
|
Term
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
|
Definition
| technique that applies strong and quickly changing magnetic fields to the surface of the skull that can either enhance or interrupt brain function. |
|
|
Term
| magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
|
Definition
| measure of brain activity that measures tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cognitive function that relies more on 1 side of the brain than the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slender thread inside a cell's ncleus that carries genes. We have 46 chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic material, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene that masks other genes' effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principle that organisms that possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms' capacity to pass on their genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of how traits run in families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of how traits vary in individuals raised apart from their biological relatives. |
|
|
