Term
Largest portion of atmospheric gases* |
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Definition
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Term
Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called ______.* |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Convective cells near the equator, Surface air warms, rises, and expands, Causing heavy rainfall near the equator, Giving rise to tropical rainforests |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Photochemical smog differs from industrial smog in that it* |
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Definition
Is formed only in the presence of sunlight |
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Term
Primary causes of acid deposition* |
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Definition
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides |
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Term
Consequences of acid deposition |
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Definition
Damages crops, erodes stone buildings, corrodes cars, are erases the writing from tombstones. Alters soil chemistry, harms plants, and soil organisms. |
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Term
The most obvious Cause of industrial smog* |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -52 degrees C (-62 degrees F) |
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Term
Ozone in the layers (see graph in text) |
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Definition
| Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere |
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Term
Keeling’s reports from Mauna Loa^ |
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Definition
| an increase in tropospheric CO2 from the 1950s to present |
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Term
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Definition
a) 196 nations agreed to cut CFC production in half by 1998
b) Later agreements deepened cuts, advanced timetables, and addressed other ozone-depleting chemicals |
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Term
Largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the U.S. is _____, followed by ______.* |
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Definition
Electricity generation; transportation |
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Term
| The atmosphere around Earth can cause global warming because ________.^ |
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Definition
| molecules in the atmosphere are warmed by radiation from Earth and retain that heat |
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Term
| Earth's climate ________.^ |
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Definition
| is changing as a result of natural and human processes |
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Term
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Definition
The main anthropogenic greenhouse gas produced in the United States |
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Term
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change* |
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Definition
Is an international panel that reports on how climate change influences biomes and economies |
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Term
The Kyoto Protocol is to carbon dioxide as the Montreal Protocol is to * |
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Definition
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Term
Use of public transportation |
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Definition
| one of the best options for decreasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation |
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Term
Hydrogen fuel cells, biodiesel, and long-term electric batteries are potential solutions to ____.* |
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Definition
Reducing carbon emissions from cars and trucks |
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Term
Reasons why US Senate opposed emission reductions^ |
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Definition
| it might hurt the economy |
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Term
Reasons why environmentalists and scientists advocate action on climate change |
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Definition
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Term
Gases that contribute to photochemical smog |
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Definition
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Term
Impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico^ |
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Definition
| it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known |
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Term
Secondary extraction of petroleum^ |
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Definition
| uses solvents, water, or steam |
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Term
Energy conservation in the United States |
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Definition
| Per-person energy consumption has declined slight;y in the United States over the past three decades. |
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Term
Carbon monoxide from autos |
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Definition
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Term
World’s most abundant fuel |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following energy sources is considered nonrenewable?* |
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Definition
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Term
Energy sources made possible by solar radiation^ |
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Definition
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Term
Consequences of nations having their economies tied closely to imported fossil fuels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Components of “clean coal” technology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Nuclear energy in power plants is created via _____.* |
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Definition
| Fissioning uranium atoms by bombarding them with neutrons |
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Term
Coal continues to be the main fuel used to generate electricity in the United States. This is partially because ____.* |
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Definition
| the country has such large reserves of coal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Waste product when hydrogen is burned as a fuel |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanical assembly that converts the wind's kinetic energy, or energy of motion, into electrical energy. |
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Term
| The form of energy delivered to an electrical generating turbine in a geothermal facility is in the form of ________.^ |
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Definition
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Term
Characteristics of U. S. municipal solid waste generation |
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Definition
| product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. |
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Term
Category that produces the largest amount of hazardous waste^ |
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Definition
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Term
Amount of solid waste generated by an average American per day^ |
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Definition
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Term
Design of sanitary landfills |
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Definition
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Term
How sanitary landfills safeguard against groundwater contamination^ |
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Definition
| lined with plastic and clay |
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Term
Best solution to solid waste problem^ |
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Definition
| reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream |
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Term
Things you can add to a compost pile^ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| regulate how hazardous waste is handled |
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Term
Percent of energy saved by recycling aluminum cans^ |
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Definition
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Term
Role of industrial ecologists and their purpose^ |
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Definition
| redesign industrial systems to minimize physical inefficiency and maximize economic efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| examines the life cycle of products for ecological efficiency |
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Term
Which of the following represent criteria for classifying hazardous waste?
A) inorganic and organic
B) ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic
C) nonbiodegradable and biodegradable
D) municipal, industrial and agricultural
E) solid, liquid, gaseous |
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Definition
| ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic |
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Term
Heavy metals and examples of hazardous ones |
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Definition
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Term
Largest source of unregulated hazardous waste |
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Definition
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Term
E-wastes and problems created by them^ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
injects mostly liquid hazardous wastes into porous rock deep beneath human water supplies |
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Term
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Definition
| lands whose reuse or development is complicated by the presence of hazardous materials |
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Term
Current state of e-wastes^ |
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Definition
| although recycling is improved, the rate of e-wastes going into landfills and incinerators is rising |
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Term
Energy consumption for different modes of transit (see graph in textbook) |
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Definition
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Term
Operating cost for different modes of transit (see graph in textbook) |
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Definition
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Term
Why people move from the cities to the suburbs |
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Definition
The population is growing. There is no longer a need for farm labor |
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Term
Greatest general problem with suburbs |
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Definition
| More people are using up fossil fuel |
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Term
Location of most major cities around the world |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Brings more people and they use more space. |
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Term
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Definition
In city planning, a geographical boundary intended to separate areas designed to be urban from areas desired to be urban from areas desired to remain rural. Development for housing, commerce, and industry are encouraged within urban growth boundaries, but beyond them such as development is severely restricted. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach among architects, planners, and developers that seeks to design neighborhoods in which hoes, businesses, schools, and other amenities are within walking distance of one another. Intended to combat sprawl by creating functional neighborhoods in which families can meet most needs close to home without the use of a car. |
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Term
Methods that governments use to improve urban transportation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
to divide a municipality into residential, commercial, and industrial districts (or zones), that are for the most part separate from one another, with the use of property within each district being reasonably uniform |
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Term
What cities recommend to improve resource sustainability |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Ecological footprint of a large city |
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Definition
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Term
What college and university campuses are doing to achieve sustainability |
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Definition
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Term
Definition of the term sustainability |
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Definition
A guiding principle of environmental science, entailing conserving resources, maintaining functional ecological systems, and developing long-term solutions, such that Earth can sustain our civilization and all life for the future, allowing our desendants to live at least as well as we have lived |
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Term
What sustainable development involves |
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Definition
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Term
How environmental protection can positively affect local economies |
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Definition
| Reducing consumption waste often saves money. Can enhance economic opportunity by providing new types of employment |
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Term
Requirements of technology that achieves sustainable solutions |
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Definition
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Term
Actions that lead to sustainability^ |
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Definition
turn off lights/electronics when not in use
- copy/print on both sides of paper
- use recycled paper
- check and fix any water leaks
- turn off water when not actually using
- use reusable plates/utensils instead of disposable ones
- buy in bulk to reduce packaging |
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Term
Ways to encourage corporations to adopt green technologies |
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Definition
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Term
Ways to alter the perception that protecting the environment is incompatible with progress |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Temperatures decrease with altitude |
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Term
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Definition
| 11-50 miles above sea level. Direr and less dense |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
produces less greenhouse gas per energy unit than coal or oil |
|
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Term
| When we burn fossil fuels, ____. |
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Definition
| The greatest environmental impact is increased greenhouse gases. |
|
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Term
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Definition
| fractionated to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics and other products |
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Term
Deposits of natural gas are most numerous in ________.^
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Definition
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Term
For the United States, the primary fuel that we use for our energy is ________.
A) wood
B) natural gas
C) coal
D) oil
E) nuclear |
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Definition
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Term
Natural gas is ________.
A) trapped over some cities for commercial use
B) only produced by bacteria during decomposition
C) more damaging to the environment than coal when extracted
D) still much more expensive than other fossil fuels
E) often associated with coal and petroleum deposits
|
|
Definition
| often associated with coal and petroleum deposits^ |
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Term
One of the problems with finding new fossil fuel deposits in developing countries is that ________.
A) it is very expensive to transport the deposit elsewhere
B) those countries tend to keep the resource for themselves, not sharing with other countries
C) international companies move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource remains in the country
D) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without meeting expensive environmental regulations
E) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without imposing huge taxes to fund new social benefits for the country |
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Definition
| international companies move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource remains in the country |
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Term
Of the available policy options regarding eventual conversion to renewable energy sources, environmentalists would probably prefer that ________.
A) we pass laws immediately banning the use of fossil fuels
B) we pass laws immediately banning the exploration and development of further fossil fuel resources
C) we encourage, with subsidies, tax rebates, and grants, the rapid development and widespread use of renewable alternative energy resources
D) we prepare for a gradual changeover by slowly increasing funding and putting alternative energy resources into place over the next 100 years
E) we plan for the switch to renewable energy sources, but not implement any plans until all fossil fuels have been depleted |
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Definition
| we encourage, with subsidies, tax rebates, and grants, the rapid development and widespread use of renewable alternative energy resources |
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Term
Energy conservation in the United States ________.
A) can be accomplished only through changes in environmental laws
B) is unlikely to ever occur
C) can be accomplished by changes in tax laws
D) will be a reality only if there is another major war
E) can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption |
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Definition
| can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption |
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Term
Energy can be conserved by ________.
A) cogeneration in power plants, fuel efficient transportation, reengineered appliances
B) cogeneration in automobiles, especially in SUVs
C) replacing compact florescent with tungsten bulbs
D) replacing mass transit with more and larger roads for cars and trucks
E) repealing the Law of Entropy |
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Definition
| cogeneration in power plants, fuel efficient transportation, reengineered appliances |
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Term
The energy bill passed by the U.S. Congress in 2007 ________.
A) primarily focused on major new policies for conservation and for development of renewable energy sources
B) primarily focused on taxing polluters and those who profit from the fossil fuel industry
C) will, according to analysts, allow us to import only 25% of our oil instead of 60%
D) mandates the rapid development of all remaining fossil fuel resources as quickly as possible
E) raised the CAFE standard to 35mpg for vehicles by the year 2020 |
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Definition
| raised the CAFE standard to 35mpg for vehicles by the year 2020 |
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Term
Many developed nations have their economies closely tied to imported fossil fuels. One important consideration is that ________.
A) the economy can be disrupted by the decisions made in fuel exporting nations
B) the economy will only improve if the price of fossil fuels increases
C) as supplies decrease, fossil fuels decline in price
D) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will decrease
E) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will increase |
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Definition
| the economy can be disrupted by the decisions made in fuel exporting nations |
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Term
When we burn fossil fuels, ________.
A) we liberate carbon back into the carbon cycle, increasing the amount available for plant growth
B) the resulting carbonic acid leads to acid rain
C) the greatest environmental impact is the impact on the ozone layer
D) the greatest environmental impact is increased greenhouse gases
E) the greatest environmental impact is the local damage from extraction |
|
Definition
| the greatest environmental impact is increased greenhouse gases |
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Term
The average miles per gallon rating of U.S. vehicles has ________.
A) doubled in the past two decades
B) made no improvement the past two decades
C) now matched the 45 mpg rating mandated by the European union
D) been raised to 40 mpg because of the 2010 energy bill passed by Congress
E) doubled since the 2008 election |
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Definition
| made no improvement the past two decades |
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Term
Organizations like OPEC have formed _______.
A) in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil
B) to develop technologies to conserve non-renewable energy resources
C) to protect their national members' petroleum reserves for their own use
D) as a military alliance to protect developed nations' energy reserves
E) to ensure that developing nations get their fair share of fossil fuels |
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Definition
| in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil |
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Term
U.S. oil production ________.
A) falls far short of U.S. oil consumption
B) is sufficient to meet national needs thanks to major conservation efforts
C) will peak out in 2100, requiring for the first time imports to meet growing demand
D) is now high enough for us to export nearly 50%
E) has to fit the quotas imposed by OPEC |
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Definition
| falls far short of U.S. oil consumption |
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Term
Carbon sequestration ________.
A) has been used by US electrical plants since 1955, converting carbon dioxide to limestone
B) involves capturing carbon emissions and then releasing them into the stratosphere
C) has proved to be more dangerous to the environment than releasing carbon emissions
D) is an unproven technology only begun in 2008.
E) permanently removes captured carbon from the environment |
|
Definition
| is an unproven technology only begun in 2008. |
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Term
________ is NOT a part of the technology of "clean coal."
A) Removing sulfur oxides from the emissions
B) Capturing and sequestering carbon emissions
C) Converting coal to syngas (natural gas)
D) Removing carbon content from coal before combustion
E) Injecting captured carbon dioxide into rock formations deep underground |
|
Definition
| Removing carbon content from coal before combustion |
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Term
Oil shale and oil sands ________.
A) can be pumped from underground reservoirs like conventional crude oil
B) are only a tiny fraction of the U.S. and Canadian potential oil reserves
C) contain solid organic kerogens than can be mined and processed into petroleum
D) have been too expensive to extract and use as energy resources
E) deposits are concentrated in the Middle East. |
|
Definition
| contain solid organic kerogens than can be mined and processed into petroleum |
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Term
When assessing energy resources, it is helpful to use a measure called EROI, which is ________.
A) energy returned minus energy invested
B) energy returned plus energy invested
C) amount of energy invested minus heat released into the environment
D) money invested in extraction and processing minus money in sales
E) energy returned divided by energy invested |
|
Definition
| energy returned divided by energy invested |
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Term
Nuclear energy in power plants is created via ________.
A) fusion of electrons
B) ionic transformation of atoms
C) extraction of energy from the nucleus of cells
D) bombarding radioactive elements with electrons
E) fissioning uranium atoms by bombarding them with neutrons
|
|
Definition
| fissioning uranium atoms by bombarding them with neutrons |
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|
Term
When uranium-235 atoms undergo fission, ________ is/are produced
A) smaller atoms (fission fragments), free neutrons and energy
B) larger atoms such as plutonium
C) large amounts of energy as all mass has been converted and lost
D) moderators and water
E) large amounts of CO2
|
|
Definition
| smaller atoms (fission fragments), free neutrons and energy |
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Term
Which of the following characterizes U.S. nuclear power plants?
A) largely unregulated
B) highly subsidized
C) widely trusted and accepted by the public
D) account for nearly half of domestic energy production
E) inexpensive to operate
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Definition
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Term
Nuclear power plants ________.
A) were first developed commercially in the early 1990s
B) experienced the most growth during the 1970s and 1980s
C) are illegal in France and Lithuania
D) supply most of U.S. electricity
E) produce more greenhouse gas emissions than burning fossil fuels
|
|
Definition
| experienced the most growth during the 1970s and 1980s. |
|
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Term
Effects attributed to Chernobyl ________.
A) were contained within the Ukraine
B) have not been extensively documented
C) serious respiratory illnesses but no fatalities
D) increased incidence of thyroid cancers
E) increased incidence of emphysema |
|
Definition
| increased incidence of thyroid cancers |
|
|
Term
| Of the following greenhouse gases, ________ concentrations have increased the most since 1750.^ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Milankovitch cycles ________.^ |
|
Definition
| are changes in Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that may trigger climate variation |
|
|
Term
| Carbon-based fuels from lithospheric reservoirs ________.^ |
|
Definition
| have been slowly sequestered over many millions of years |
|
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Term
| In legislation, the precautionary principle applied to climate change, states that ________.^ |
|
Definition
| lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used to postpone measures to prevent major environmental degradation |
|
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Term
Growing rice results in the release of ________ into the atmosphere.^
|
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Free-Air-CO2-Enrichment (FACE) project ________.^ |
|
Definition
| found that elevated ozone levels helps plants grow faster as CO2 levels increase |
|
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Term
| Hydroelectric power generation ________.^ |
|
Definition
| is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases |
|
|
Term
________% of U.S. citizens live in coastal counties, thus vulnerable to rises in sea level.^
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
Over ________% of the fuel you pump into your automobile does something other than move your vehicle down the road.^
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol ________.^ |
|
Definition
| cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
|
|
Term
The most recent analyses of polar ice cores have given us the ability to profile global climate change back as far as ________ years.^
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Recent evidence from polar ice core analysis shows that, until now, carbon dioxide levels have never exceeded ________ ppm in the last several hundred thousand years.^ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recent research indicates that the variation in solar output ________.^ |
|
Definition
| is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change |
|
|
Term
| The 2009 Copenhagen Conference ________.^ |
|
Definition
| failed to produce a treaty because the US failed to support it and China refused international monitoring for promised steep cuts |
|
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Term
| Tuvalu and the Maldives are in the international spotlight because they ________.^ |
|
Definition
| may be the first nations to be completely flooded by rising sea levels |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are market mechanisms for addressing climate change?^ |
|
Definition
| cap-and-trade and carbon offsets |
|
|
Term
When hydrogen is burned as a fuel, the primary waste product produced is ________.
A) carbon monoxide
B) CO2
C) H2O
D) hydrocarbons and CO2
E) CO2 and H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The only energy source(s) from ocean water so far put into commercial production are ________.
A) tidal electrical generators
B) tidal and ocean wave generators
C) OTEC and ocean wave generators
D) OTEC
E) tidal and OTEC generators |
|
Definition
| tidal electrical generators |
|
|
Term
Harnessing energy by designing buildings to maximize or minimize the absorption of incident solar radiation are ________.
A) active solar energy collection
B) passive solar energy collection
C) Concentrated solar power (CSP) devices
D) photovoltaic cell collectors
E) hydrogen fuel-cell collectors
|
|
Definition
| passive solar energy collection |
|
|
Term
As of 2011, the nation leading in generating wind-power is ________.
A) China
B) the U.S.
C) Canada
D) India
E) Germany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The first stage in generating power from a hydrogen fuel cell is to ________.
A) reduce water to hydrogen and oxygen gases
B) convert water into a hydrocarbon
C) split hydrogen atoms into hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons
D) react water with CO2
E) split methane (CH4) into hydrogen atoms and carbon
|
|
Definition
| split hydrogen atoms into hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons |
|
|
Term
The U.S. generates more electricity from ________ than from any other renewable energy source.
A) geothermal
B) biomass
C) solar
D) hydroelectric
E) wind |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The U.S. consumes more ________ energy than any other renewable energy source.
A) geothermal
B) biomass
C) hydropower
D) wind
E) solar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What this figure does not tell you is ________.
A) what proportion of each renewable energy source the U.S. produces and consumes
B) the relative amount of solar energy used to generate electricity compared to other renewable sources
C) the proportion of U.S. energy consumption that comes from non-renewable sources
D) the relative amount of electricity produced from geothermal energy compared to other renewable sources
E) whether wind energy plays any role in U.S. energy and electricity production. |
|
Definition
| the proportion of U.S. energy consumption that comes from non-renewable sources |
|
|
Term
Worldwide, the most widely used renewable energy resource is ________.
A) solar
B) hydroelectric
C) biomass
D) wind
E) nuclear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Biofuels ________.
A) can be created by microbial action or burned directly as wood or dung
B) requires fossil fuel input to produce
C) produces no greenhouse gases when burned
D) could not supply an alternative fuel to gasoline
E) is a form of fossil fuel |
|
Definition
| can be created by microbial action or burned directly as wood or dung |
|
|
Term
________ strongly influences the amount of energy generated from hydropower.
A) The temperature of reservoir water
B) Latitude
C) The phase of the moon
D) The volume of water released and the height of the fall
E) the temperature of water in the boiler and turbine |
|
Definition
| The volume of water released and the height of the fall |
|
|
Term
The run-of-river approach to hydropower describes ________.
A) impounding water in reservoirs behind concrete dams
B) the purchase of state-run dams by major corporations
C) dams that are reliable but unsustainable
D) the most expensive type of dams to build and maintain
E) diversion of a portion of a river's flow through pipes |
|
Definition
| diversion of a portion of a river's flow through pipes |
|
|
Term
The rotational energy of the blades of a wind turbine ________.
A) drives a generator inside the nacelle compartment to produce electricity
B) is used to generate hydrogen from water
C) will not occur unless electricity is provided to generate the motion
D) is so expensive to produce that no commercial development has been possible
E) generates as much greenhouse gases as burning natural gas |
|
Definition
| drives a generator inside the nacelle compartment to produce electricity |
|
|
Term
Which country leads the world in percentage of electricity derived from hydropower?
A) Norway
B) Sweden
C) Canada
D) United States
E) Russia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
E-85 ________.
A) was an international summit of 85 nations that met to restrict greenhouse gas emissions
B) was an international summit of 85 nations that met to determine vehicle fuel efficiency standards
C) was an international summit of 85 nations that met to restrict CFC use
D) is an isotope of uranium used to generate electricity
E) is an ethanol—gasoline mixture used in flexible-fuel vehicles |
|
Definition
| is an ethanol—gasoline mixture used in flexible-fuel vehicles |
|
|
Term
Biodiesel ________.
A) is widely used in the United States
B) is produced from sugarcane
C) can be used in vehicles with diesel engines without engine modification
D) is twice as expensive as petrodiesel
E) produces more pollution than petrodiesel
|
|
Definition
| can be used in vehicles with diesel engines without engine modification |
|
|
Term
Ethanol produced from biomass starts with ________ produced by ________.
A) methane; sewage sludge
B) hydrogen gas; wind turbines
C) ammonia; anaerobic bacteria
D) starch; corn and sugar cane
E) CO2; burning fossil fuels |
|
Definition
| starch; corn and sugar cane |
|
|
Term
U.S. hydropower dam construction was greatest during the ________.
A) industrial revolution
B) 1930s to 1960s
C) 1970s to 2000
D) late 1800s
E) early 21st century |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following are documented negative impacts of dams?
A) flooding, habitat destruction, alteration of river sediment deposition
B) alteration of river salinity
C) acid deposition
D) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and CFCs
E) increased carbon monoxide emissions, decreased rainfall |
|
Definition
| results in higher food prices for corn and corn products |
|
|
Term
Ultimately, all biofuels are ________, because they are the result of ________.
A) geological; sedimentation
B) solar; photosynthesis
C) inefficient; decomposition by microorganisms
D) synthetic; chemical manipulation of hydrocarbons
E) polymers; biological metabolic processes |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Biofuels and nuclear power may prove useful as ________.
A) pollution-free sustainable energies
B) energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables
C) replacement fuels for motor vehicles
D) stages in the development of fusion generators
E) inexpensive technologies for developing nations |
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Definition
| energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables |
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Term
Whether using a food crop as a source of biofuels is environmentally sustainable would have to consider all of the following, EXCEPT ________.
A) the impact on food supplies and prices
B) the amount of fertilizers used and their impact on aquatic ecosystems
C) the amount of pesticides used and their impact on biodiversity and groundwater
D) the corporate profits that would be made
E) the amount of water and land necessary for the crops |
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Definition
| the corporate profits that would be made |
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Term
Bagasse and sugar cane-based ethanol are major items in the energy resources of ________.
A) China
B) Brazil
C) the Maldives
D) Tuvalu
E) Mexico
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Definition
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Term
Both pyrolysis and gasification are ways of producing ________ from ________.^
A) methane and diesel fuels; biomass
B) coal; biomass
C) biodiesel; limestone
D) hydroelectric fuel; coal
E) pesticides and fertilizers; biomass |
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Definition
| methane and diesel fuels; biomass |
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Term
Ground-source heat pumps ________.
A) are an increasing source of small-scale electricity generation
B) have been known to cause minor earthquakes
C) produce pollution of ground water
D) require nearby volcanic activity to be effective
E) heat and cool houses and buildings more efficiently than conventional methods |
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Definition
| heat and cool houses and buildings more efficiently than conventional methods |
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Term
Globally, more than 80% of all primary energy for today's economies comes from ________.
A) nuclear power
B) hydropower installations
C) biofuels
D) fossil fuels
E) solar, wind and ocean tides and waves |
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Definition
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Term
More and more wind farms are being located ________ because winds are stronger there.
A) in densely populated urban areas
B) offshore
C) in deserts
D) in the arctic
E) in mature forests |
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Definition
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Term
All the following are true of using solar photocells, EXCEPT ________.
A) great for decentralized power production, away from power plants and grids
B) very low carbon footprint
C) with continued production, manufacturing costs are dropping
D) strong encouraged in the U.S. by tax incentives and large development investment
E) many new "green collar" jobs being created |
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Definition
| strong encouraged in the U.S. by tax incentives and large development investment |
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Term
According to the map, the area that will experience the greatest increase in temperatures is ________.
A) the arctic and subarctic
B) north temperate areas: Canada and Eurasia
C) the tropics
D) oceans
E) desert areas |
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Definition
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Term
The form of energy delivered to an electrical generating turbine in a geothermal facility is in the form of ________.
A) radioactive isotopes
B) hot water or steam
C) molten magma
D) warm soils and crushed rock
E) heated hydrogen gas |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true of corn-produced ethanol?
A) results in higher food prices for corn and corn products
B) yields more then 10x the energy required to produce it
C) does not produce greenhouse gases when burned
D) cannot be mixed with other fuels
E) does not require inputs of fossil fuel energy |
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Definition
| results in higher food prices for corn and corn products |
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Term
Of the five countries shown, which ones have essentially no domestic oil production?
A) Japan and the United States
B) Iran and Saudi Arabia
C) the United States and Germany
D) Japan and Germany
E) Germany and the United States |
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Definition
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Term
The world's most abundant fossil fuel is ________.
A) biodiesel
B) coal
C) oil
D) natural gas
E) methane |
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Definition
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Term
Solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible, including ________.
A) wind energy
B) tidal energy
C) geothermal energy
D) hydrothermal energy
E) nuclear energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of electricity generated from nuclear power plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following countries has the most nuclear power plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following has the least heat yield when burned? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biofuels and nuclear power may prove useful as ______. |
|
Definition
| energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables |
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Term
| As of 2008, the average American generates ________ lbs. of solid waste per day. |
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Definition
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Term
| RCRA is a U.S. law enacted in the 1970s to ________. |
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Definition
| regulate how hazardous waste is handled |
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