Term
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Definition
Goal-directed activity that brings together people for a common purpose or goal. (Birk p. 273).
Mutual aid system |
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Term
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Definition
Turn of the century: Industrial revolution. Focused on social change.
After WWII: Development of clinical group methods. Due to the large number of returning soldiers, psychiatrists started seeing veterans in pairs and groups out of necessity.
1950s:NASW formed.
1960s: Groups used for social change
Now: group work has been on the decline. (Furman p.3-4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur in the context of socialization and are not organized from the outside. Friendships, common interests, families, common social location such as a dorm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized by institution or organization. Task groups, social action/goals groups, client groups |
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Term
| 8 things to consider in planning for a group |
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Definition
1. Need (population or agency need)
2. Purpose
3. Composition of group members
4. Structure (open/closed, logistics)
5. Content
6. Agency context
7. Social context (social and cultural influences)
8. Pre-group contact (recruitment, screening, and prep of group members) |
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Term
| Beginning a group/engagement |
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Definition
| 1. Member aspirations and needs 2. Clarify goals and expectations 3. Develop contracts 4. Clarify roles (consider self-disclosure) 5. Develop purpose 6. Develop content, activities, and resources 7. Promote group cohesion 8. Establish work plan (homework? Thinking long-term) 9. Be aware of and recognize unique characteristics of group |
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Term
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Definition
~Ongoing ("How's it going?")
~Strategy for determining if group members share issues and characteristics
~monitor progress toward goals
~measure group cohesiveness
~measure facilitator effectiveness |
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Term
| Planning within the group setting |
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Definition
~Requires attentiveness and flexibility
~Members' needs can change
~Balance needs of groups with individual member's needs |
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Term
| 7 skills for group work (Birk p 318-19) |
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Definition
Scanning
Leadership ("we"; group 1st, individual 2nd)
Indigenous leadership (leader from group)
Cohesiveness
Redirection
Silence
Problem solving |
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Term
| Theoretical approaches for group work (3) |
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Definition
Narrative approach in group engagement
Solution-focused in group engagement
Strengths-based/empowerment model in group work |
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Term
| Narrative approach and ending |
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Definition
| Re-storying. Witness groups and community supports. Compare story at end to the one at beginning of group. |
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Term
| Solution-focused and ending |
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Definition
| Work for change--goal-oriented. Miracle question/exceptions/scaling. Ending: scaling (beginning vs. end), discuss long-term work after group |
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Term
| Strengths-based/empowerment model and endings |
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Definition
| Focus on strengths and empowerment. Ending: reflect on progress and group experience. Celebrate goals met, even if only a few |
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Term
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Definition
SW invites sharing, participation
Reframes & links issues
Maintains group boundaries and rules
Skilled listener
In task group--set agenda, maintain focus, documentation |
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Term
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Definition
Summarizes the discussions
Identifies themes and patterns
Connects content from one session to the next to promote continuity and substantive discussion |
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Term
| SW in norm setting (setting norms) |
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Definition
SW provides info regarding appropriate group member behavior through role modeling and direct feedback
(ex: use of "I" messages) |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide factual info and content specific to the goals of the group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Co-leading. equal commitment, motivation, and vision. Builds on the strengths that each brings to the intervention |
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Term
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Definition
| Not acknowledging or "forgetting" that the group is ending. Not processing it. |
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Term
| Group behavior at endings |
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Definition
Denial
Clustering
Regression
Withdrawal/passivity
Flight |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving toward more connection to group members rather than preparing for separation. Clinging. |
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Term
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Definition
| Claiming either verbally or behaviorally that group is not ready to end. Go back to previous behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Less active participation. Rebellious. "Checked out" |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaving the group before the end. Avoiding good-byes |
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Term
| SW skills for termination of groups |
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Definition
Document
Assessment
Anticipate members' reactions
Talk about ambivalence (acknowledge different feelings as normal)
Self-awareness of own feelings
Give feedback/ask for feedback
Link work done in group to future |
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Term
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Definition
Ask members about the experience
Through observation, document throughout group experience
Self-evaluation
Solicit direct observation and feedback by other professionals |
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Term
| Middle phase of group work |
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Definition
| Intervention. This is where the work is done. May be conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrative theory approach. Persons called together by the social worker to serve as "witnesses" to discussions between the SW and the client and/or among the group members. |
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Term
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Definition
5 stages of group development:
1. Preaffiliation: mixed emotions
2. Power and control: influence/status within the group. Monopolizers.
3. Intimacy: Close connections. Bonding.
4. Differentiation: Comfortable to express differences. Confrontation between members common, which works well for change in the context of respect.
5. Separation: members begin to withdraw from group in prep for ending |
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Term
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Definition
Says women go through different stages than men.
1. Preaffiliation: mixed emotions
2. Establishment of emotional base: strong connections
3. Mutuality and interpersonal empathy: connections deepen into commitment and mutual aid
4. Challenge and change: Differences recognized and connections may change
5. Termination: Conclusion and separation. |
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Term
| Reciprocal groups (Birk p. 279) |
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Definition
Support. Mutual-aid. Mutual sharing.
Shared life experiences
Shared empathy
Shared insight and coping strategies |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose is to change behavior, restoring functioning, or promoting coping strategies.
SW is skilled |
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Term
| Social goal group (aka: social action) |
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Definition
Task group created for the purpose of addressing a social issue that is considered to be oppressive or unjust.
OR
Empower a group of individuals for strengthening the community.
SW is not expert but facilitator. |
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Term
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Definition
Life Grid
Family sculpting
etc |
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