Term
|
Definition
*does not require oxygen for metabolism
*growth in absence or presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| which kind of transport mechanism requires spending energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at which growth phase is bacteria more vulnerable to disinfectants, antimicrobials and other environmental factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which kind of transport mechanism does not require spending energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| under what kind of solution does plasmolysis happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most preferred pH for most microorganisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the slide that is used to count bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which phase of the growth curve maximum bacterial growth happens at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| six essential elements that compose most cells |
|
Definition
*CHNOPS and others 96%
needed in large amounts
cell structure |
|
|
Term
| what happens to cells when they are placed in hypotonic solution? |
|
Definition
(solute outside is dilute)
water move from outside to inside |
|
|
Term
| if no cell wall, cell will burst. what is this called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hypotonic means
hypertonic means |
|
Definition
cell takes in solute
cell (hyper) solute goes out |
|
|
Term
| keeps osmolysis from happening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
|
Definition
*simple do not require energy
*facilitated require cellular carrier protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*small molecules, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipid solution
*release waste to outside |
|
|
Term
| facilitated diffusion facts |
|
Definition
*used for ions and polar molecules
*carrier proteins are specific
*material cannot go thru selective permeable plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobe
why? |
|
Definition
| because they lack dismutase |
|
|
Term
| three methods of counting of bacteria |
|
Definition
*dilution
*turbidity
*direct microscopic count |
|
|
Term
| which transport mechanisms happen in prokaryotes |
|
Definition
*active transport
*group translocation |
|
|
Term
| which transport mechanisms happen in eukaryotes |
|
Definition
*active transport
*endocytosis |
|
|
Term
| temperature ranges of mesophiles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
example of obligate anaerobe bacteria
*growth at top of broth |
|
Definition
Any of the clostridium, eg;
*C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
*C. tetani (tetanus) lockjaw |
|
|
Term
| maximum growth of bacteria happens at what phase in the growth curve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most prevalent organic molecules |
|
Definition
Carbon
*structures in cell from C and H |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
most of cell is composed of water
*facts* |
|
Definition
70% *most prevalent inorganic molecule
*H2O=inorganic
*biochemical reactions cant take place w/o water |
|
|
Term
| Six essential elements that compose cells |
|
Definition
| CHNOPS: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur |
|
|
Term
| Four kinds of organisms in relation to source of C and energy |
|
Definition
*photoautotrophs
*chemoautotrophs
*photoheterotrophs
*chemoheterotrophs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*water move from outside to inside.
solute outside is dilute compared to inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds provided for growth |
|
|
Term
| Name particular bacteria that cant synthesize certain organic compounds such as essential amino acids, vitamins and nitrogen bases |
|
Definition
*Neisseria
*haemophilus influenzae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
saprobe infects compromised host
(facultative parasite) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solvent (water) movement from hi to lo water area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*found in soil and water
*causes infections in hospital patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*severe lung and brain infection in AIDS patients
*natural habitat is soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree of acidity or alkalinity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*cause food spoilage in refrigerator
*grow slowly in cold
*optimum is above 20° C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that requires small amount of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| photoautotroph (phototroph) |
|
Definition
*obtain energy from light-photosynthetic
*producer of organic materials
*basis of food web
*include plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
|
|
Term
| cyanobacteria, algae and green plants are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| green bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*cannot fix carbon (dependent)
*obtains carbon in organic form (proteins/carbs/lipids/nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*use complex organic molecules as their carbon/energy sources
*saprobes or parasites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*requires energy and carrier proteins
*microbes use this to accumulate nutrients when plentiful outside cell
*gradient (concentration) independent |
|
|
Term
| three types of passive transport |
|
Definition
*diffusion
*facilitated
*osmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*do not require energy
*solutes exist in gradient, move from hi to lo concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*require higher CO2 concentration than in atmosphere
* 3% to 10% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Neisseria (gonorrhea, meningitis
*Brucella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same solute concentration inside and outside of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microbes that withstand/grow at high osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time required for population to double in number (doubling formula) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the essential nutrients are these |
|
Definition
*macronutrients
*micronutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that must be provided to an organism (nutrients) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*use light as energy source
*use organic compound for carbon source and electron donor |
|
|
Term
| what phototrophs use light as energy source |
|
Definition
*photoautotroph
*photoheterotroph |
|
|
Term
| chemoautotrophs (lithoautotrophs) |
|
Definition
*rely on inorganic compounds as energy source
*carbon dioxide as carbon source
*play important role in recycling inorganic nutrients |
|
|
Term
| transport mechanism requires spending energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transport mechanism does not require spending energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*engulfing
*eukaryotes only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*phagocytosis
*pinocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Carbon source of essential nutrients |
|
Definition
|
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