Term
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Definition
| is an accessory organ of digestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical breakdown of food. |
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Term
| Digestive functions include |
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Definition
| mechanical processing, propulsion, secretion, absorption, excretion, and defecation. |
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Term
| The GENERAL ROLES of the digestive tract lining are |
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Definition
| a.To safeguard nearby tissue b.To protect from digestive acids c.To protect from physical abrasions d.To digest swallowed bacteria |
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Term
| The lamina propria and mucus epithelium are components of the |
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Definition
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Term
| The lamina propria is the __ Tissue |
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Definition
| areolar tissue (loose connective tissue) that contains small blood and lymphatic vessels. |
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Term
| Submucosa layer contains large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels that receive |
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Definition
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Term
| The MYENTERIC PLEXUS is? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| is a network of neurons (parasympathetic nerves). It is located at muscularis externa (sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle). |
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Term
| The SUBMUCOSA PLEXUS is? And location at? |
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Definition
| is network of neurons which is found in the submucosa. This plexus includes sensory nerves cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers. |
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Term
| What is muscularis mucosa? |
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Definition
a.It is muscle layer in the mucosa
b.It increases the surface area for digestion and absorption
c.Its contraction alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelia pleats and fold (plicae) |
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Term
| Mesenteries are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that |
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Definition
| hold some the visceral organs in their proper position. |
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Term
| The SEROUS MEMBRANE that line the peritoneal cavity (PERITONEUM) |
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Definition
a.Reduces friction and lubricate the cavity
b.Secretes peritoneal fluid and prevents irritation |
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Term
| Most of the digestive tract is line by |
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Definition
| SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| The following digestive components contains STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
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Definition
a.Oropharynx and oral cavity
b.Esophagus and rectum |
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Term
| The activities of the digestive system are regulated by |
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Definition
a.hormones
b.nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves)
c.the contents of the digestive tract |
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Term
| The functions of the oral cavity include |
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Definition
a.Lubrication
b.Analysis of food material before swallowing
c.Mechanical processing of food
d.Limited digestion of fats (triglycerides) /not cholesterol
e.Limited digestion of carbohydrate |
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Term
| waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another. |
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Definition
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Term
| powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few time a day in the colon |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a.Regional movements that occur in the small intestine b.To churn and fragment the food materials. |
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Term
| In the smooth muscle of the visceral organ, when one muscle cell contracts, the |
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Definition
| contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
a.a fatty double sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera to provide padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen.
b.The largest peritoneal fold |
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Term
| 23. There are 3 pairs of salivary glands |
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Definition
PAROTID
SUBLINGUAL
SUBMANDIBULAR |
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Term
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Definition
i.Secretes saliva into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar
ii.Produces serous secretion only that contain large amount of salivary amylase |
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Term
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Definition
i.Empties saliva to the floor of the mouth
ii.Produces mucus secretions that contain small amount of amylase |
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Term
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Definition
i.The largest salivary gland
ii.Produces mostly serous secretion, few mucus secretion
iii.Produces enzyme amylase and mucins (buffers, glycoproteins) |
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Term
| PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION |
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Definition
| increases the secretion saliva by all salivary glands |
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Term
| Functions of the tongue include: |
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Definition
a.Mechanical processing of food
b.Manipulation of food
c.Sensory analysis of food
d.Assisting in speech, chewing, and swallowing
e.Secretion of enzyme lingual lipase and mucus by lingual glands in the lamina of the tongue. |
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Term
During deglutition
(swallowing) |
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Definition
a.The upper esophageal sphincter opens
b.The epiglottis closes
c.The larynx elevates
d.The soft palate elevates |
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Term
| The DEGLUTITION REFLEX involves the motor fiber of |
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Definition
| the cranial nerves V, IX, X, XII (5, 9, 10, 12) |
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Term
| Secretions from the salivary glands (saliva) |
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Definition
a.Are mostly water (99.4%)
b.Help to initiate the digestion of complex carbohydrate and lipid (limited) by enzymes lipase and amylases
c.Help control bacterial populations in the mouth
d.Helps to lubricate the oral cavity and its contents |
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Term
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Definition
| the posterior margin of the soft palate |
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Term
| The PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS |
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Definition
| function in swallowing (deglutition) |
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Term
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Definition
a.Is a muscular tube
b.Has a thick lining that does not tolerate with stomach acid
c.Contains upper and lower esophageal sphincter |
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Term
| Functions of the stomach include |
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Definition
a.Storage and mechanical breakdown of ingested food
b.Initiation of protein digestion by denaturation of proteins (disruption of chemical bond by enzyme PEPSIN)
c.Release intrinsic factor. |
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Term
| General characteristics of the lining of the STOMACH: |
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Definition
a.It is composed of simple columnar epithelium
b.It is covered by a thick, viscous mucus
c.It is constantly replaced
d.It contains gastric pits
e.It releases intrinsic factors |
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Term
| If the gastric mucosa is damaged or any disease cause gastric mucosa atrophy will |
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Definition
decrease gastric secretions and intrinsic factors. Lack of intrinsic factors causes insufficiency of vitamin B12 absorption.
Lack of B12 absorption leads to PERNICIOUS ANEMIA: red blood cells enlarge and become hypochromic |
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Term
| CARDIA is the portion of the |
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Definition
| stomach that connects to the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach. |
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Term
| THE BODY of the stomach is |
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Definition
| the large area of the stomach between the fundus and the J curve |
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Term
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Definition
| curved, tubular portion of the J –shaped stomach. |
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Term
| What is RUGAE & when does it disappear |
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Definition
| the prominent ridges in the lining of the stomach. RUGAE disappear when the stomach is full. |
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Term
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Definition
| are pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells |
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Term
| Parietal cells of the lining of the stomach produces |
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Definition
| H+ and Cl- to form hydrochloric acid |
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Term
| Enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the parietal cell of the stomach is needed for the formation |
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Definition
| of HCl of the gastric fluid. Therefore, a drug that blocks the action of this enzyme would results in a higher pH (less acidic) during gastric digestion. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Entero-endocrine cells of the stomach secrete |
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Definition
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Term
| what is RENNIN and it's functions ? |
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Definition
a.Is a proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborn infants
b.Functions in the digestion of milk protein |
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Term
| The gastric contents after processing in the stomach are referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lymphatic capillaries that carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny spheres ,that are combinations of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts. |
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Term
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Definition
a.are transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine
b.increase the surface area of the small intestinal mucosa
c.are mostly developed in the jejunum because more absorption occurs in the jejunum (the middle portion of the intestine) |
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Term
| Intestinal villi are fingerlike projections on the surface of the |
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Definition
| mucosa of the small intestine |
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Term
| The role of the intestinal crypts is to |
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Definition
| produce new epithelial cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. |
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Term
| In duodenum, glands are located |
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Definition
| at SUBMUCOSA layer. These glands secrete mucus |
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Term
| is the first portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach. |
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Definition
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