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Strutural elements, bone, muscle
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54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/01/2010

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Cards

Term
Mesenchyme
Definition
undifferentiated cells in embryo
Term
Collagen
Definition
lots, teeth, bones, different types. packaged in bundles.
Term
Reticular Fibers
Definition
like collagen but narrow, arranged in a mesh like pattern,
found in blood vessels, nerves, liver, smooth mucscle.
Term
Elastic fibers
Definition
thin, random arrangement, elastic, found in ligaments in spinal cord, and arteries.
Term
tendons
Definition
cord like, joins muscle to bone, regualr bundles of collagenous fibers
Term
Ligaments
Definition
joins bone to bone
some are more elastic than others
made up of collagen and elastic fibers
Term
Cartilage
Definition
good for weight bearing joints, etc. made of special cells called chondrocytes
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
slick, lines all joints, nose, trachea
Term
Elastic cartilage
Definition
elastic and collagen fibers, external ear, autiory cannal,
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
thick collagen fibers discs in back menisci in knee
very durable and resistant to compression
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
bone forming cells on surface of developing bones
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
bone-resorbing cells help remodel (fix) bones
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
bone-resorbing cells help remodel (fix) bones
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature osteoblasts maintain bone integrity
Term
external surface
Definition
found where bone meets with other bones covered with periosteum
Term
Internal bone surface
Definition
endosteum One cell layer with bone forming and bone resorbing cells
Term
long bones
Definition
consist of shaft, and compact bone ends ex tibia
Term
Short bones
Definition
usually movable joints
carpal
Term
Flat bones
Definition
thin and plate like. sternum
Term
irregular bones
Definition
vertebrae
Term
sesamoid
Definition
free floating patella
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
straited, long cylindrical many nuclei on sides.
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
branched, straited, large nuclei, heart only
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
smooth in appearance, spindle shaped

stomach and digestive tract
Term
muscle
Definition
made up of myofilaments
contraction main purpose
Term
Sacromere
Definition
functional unit of muscle
Term

Label the following:

[image]

Definition
Term
motor unit
Definition
neuron and muscle fiber
Term
3 muscle fiber types
Definition
I- slow twitch
IIa- fast twitch
IIb- can be either
displays mosaic pattern
Term
muscle spindle
Definition
controls muscle lengthening
Term
golgi tendon
Definition
controls load.... protects muscle from overexertion
Term
afferent
Definition
sensory- goes to brain
Term
efferent
Definition
motor function
Term
muscle cell enviroment
Definition
sarcoplasm- cyoplasm
sarcolemma- cytoplasmic boundary( outside)
Term
z-disc to z-disc
Definition
one whole unit of sacromere
Term
H-zone
Definition
in center of sacromere myosin present
Term
A- band
Definition
actin and myosin overlap
Term
I band
Definition
distance between edges of myosin and the next sacromere
Term
M band
Definition
mid line of sacromere.
Term
Concentric
Definition
shortens z discs
Term
eccentric
Definition
lengthens-
Term
isometric
Definition
shortens with no joint movement
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of bone
Term
epiphyses
Definition
expanded ends of bones
Term
metaphyses
Definition
bulges at end of bones
Term
epimysium
Definition
muscle
Term
perimysium
Definition
fascicle
Term
endomysium
Definition
fibers
Term
CNS
Definition
Central nervous system... brain, spinal cord
Term
PNS
Definition
Peripheral nervous system 31 one pairs of spinal nerves that leave spinal cord. 12 pairs of cranial nerves that leave the brain. in head and neck
Term
anterior root
Definition
efferent
Term
posterior root
Definition
afferent
Term
Plexues
Definition
basically a network of nerves
cervical plexues- supplies neck area
brachial plexues- root of upper limbs
Term
ANS
Definition
Autonomic nervous system involuntary structures heart
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