Term
| Anterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoideus |
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Term
| posterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| anterior edge of the trapezius |
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Term
| base of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| middle 1/3 of the clavicle |
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Term
| apex of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| superior nuchal line of the occipital bone |
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Term
| roof of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
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Term
| floor of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
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Term
Sternocleidomastoideus
(origin and insertion) |
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Definition
origin: mastoid process
Insertion: medial 1/3 of clavicle and sternum |
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Term
Sternocleidomastoideus
(innervation) |
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Definition
| accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) |
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Term
Sternocleidomastoideus
(action) |
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Definition
Flexes head with bilateral contraction; ipsilateral contraction turns head contralaterally.
»Also acts as an accessory muscle of respiration.
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Term
Trapezius
(origin and insertion) |
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Definition
origin: superior nuchal line
insertion: to lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) |
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Term
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Definition
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Upper fibers elevates shoulder girdle and supports weight of upper limb; lower fibers draw scapula towards vertebral column.
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Term
Accessory Nerve
(position and function in that position) |
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Definition
Lies in the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck, passing posterioinferiorly to sternocleidomastoideus to trapezius. Here it lies deep to the platysma within the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia and is vulnerable.
The cranial nerve XI divides the roof of the posterior triangle into a superior (carefree) portion and an inferior (careful!) region containing the cervical plexus.
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Term
Deep Cervical Fascia
(function/position) |
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Definition
| covers the sternocleidomastoideus, posterior triangle of the neck, and trapezius |
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Term
Contents of the posterior triangle
(5) |
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Definition
1. Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI, sa).
2. Cutaneous cervical branches (lo, ga, tc, sc).
3. External jugular vein (blue).
4. Occipital and supraclavicular lymph nodes (green).
5. Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
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Term
| Cutaneous Cervical Nerves |
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Definition
Part of the cervical plexus, appear from the posterior border of sternocleidomastoideus and penetrate the investing fascia over the posterior triangle. They are derived from the anterior rami of C2, 3, and 4. 5 main parts:
1. lesser occipital nerve
2. greater auricular nerve
3. transverse cervical nerve
4. supraclavicular nerves
5. sensory nerve to the trapezius
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Term
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Definition
-C2
-innervates the skin posterior to the ear and superficial to the mastoid process. |
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Term
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Definition
-C2,C3
-innervates the skin over the upper aspects of sternocleidomastoideus, ear lobe and the fascia over the parotid gland. |
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Term
| Transverse Cervical Nerve |
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Definition
-C2, C3
-innervates the skin over the Adam’s apple. |
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Term
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Definition
-C3, C4
- overlap with cutaneous branches from upper thoracic intercostal nerves. They may exhibit referred pain from pleura and peritoneum (phrenic nerves C3, 4, 5).
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Term
Lymph nodes of the posterior triangle
(2 types) |
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Definition
1. Supraclavicular lymph nodes
2. (Sub)Occipital nodes, found at the apex of the posterior triangle, are enlarged with german measles or scalp infection.
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Term
What structures make up the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?
(5) |
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Definition
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-Semispinalis capitis
-Splenius capitis
-Levator scapulae
-Scalene muscles
-Serratus anterior
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Term
Scalenes posterior and medius
(origin, insertion, what do they form?) |
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Definition
Origin: posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: ribs 1 and 2, posterior to the subclavian artery
*they form the scalene mass |
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Term
Scalene Anterior
(origin and insertion) |
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Definition
Origin: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebra C3-C6.
Insertion: scalene tubercle of rib 1, separating the subclavian artery from the subclavian vein |
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Term
| Which cervical vertebrae have anterior tubercles? |
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Definition
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Term
What does the prevertebral fascia cover?
(5) |
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Definition
- covers
1. the vertebral column,
2. the prevertebra and postvertebral muscles of the neck.
3. the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck,
4. the subclavian artery
5. the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus and the loops of the cervical plexus.
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Term
| What happens as the prevertebral fascia is drawn into the axilla? |
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Definition
-it becomes the axillary sheath, and forms an infection route from the posterior compartment of the neck to the axilla, producing upper extremity signs and symptoms.
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Term
| What nerves lie deep to the prevertebral fascia? |
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Definition
the nerves to the
levator scapulae,
rhomboids (C5),
serratus anterior (C5, 6, 7)
and phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5). |
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Term
| What does the lateral group of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes drain? |
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Definition
the back of the scalp and the neck into the jugular lymphatic trunks.
Most of the lymph nodes are associated with the jugular vein deep to sternocleidomastoideus |
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Term
| What are the 2 main blood vessels associated with the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
1. Subclavian artery
2. Subclavian vein |
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Term
Subclavian vein
(origin, insertion) |
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Definition
-is a continuation of axillary vein.
Origin: lateral border of rib 1
Ends: medial to scalene anterior.
l
*joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
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Term
Subclavian vein
(position and clinical function) |
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Definition
| -lies posterioinferiorly to the clavicle, where it can be catharized at this point |
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Term
Subclavian Artery
(origin, ending, and clinical info) |
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Definition
Origin: enters the posterior triangle behind the insertion point of scalenus anterior (sa).
End: becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of rib 1.
*may be compressed on rib 1 for control of bleeding in the axilla or upper limb.
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Term
| What branch of the subclavian artery may be given off to supply the vertebral border of the scapula and rhombodei? |
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Definition
| -the dorsal scapular branch, although this area is normally supplied by the transverse cervical artery |
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Term
| Name the inferior, posterior, and anterior relationships to the subclavian artery |
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Definition
inferiorly: rib 1 and pleura of apex of lung.
posteriorly: scalenus medius and lower trunk of brachial plexus.
anteriorly: scalenus anterior.
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Term
| Name the 2 branches of the subclavian artery |
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Definition
1. Suprascapular artery
2. Transverse cervical artery |
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Term
| Where do the 2 branches of the subclavian artery arise from? |
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Definition
Both arise from the thyrocervical trunk from the 1st
part of the subclavian artery, medial to
scalenus anterior, cross the lower part of the
posterior triangle, just above the clavicle.
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Term
| What does the suprascapular artery supply? |
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Definition
| The supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and their contents |
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Term
| What does the transverse cervical artery supply? |
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Definition
-supplies the posterior surface of trapezius by a superficial branch which runs over levator scapulae.
-Deep branches supply rhomboidei and medial border of the scapula, running deep to levator scapulae. They may be replaced by the dorsal scapular artery.
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Term
| How are spinal nerves named in the cervical region? |
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Definition
| the spinal nerves are named for the vertebrae lying below them: C1 nerve lies above C1 vertebra |
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Term
| How are spinal nerves names in the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions? |
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Definition
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spinal nerves are named for the vertebrae lying above them: T1 nerve lies below T1 vertebra.
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Term
platysma muscle
(o, i, inervat., action) |
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Definition
Origin: inferior clavicle and fascia covering the chest
Insertion: mandible
Innervation: cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Action: pulls corners of mouth inferiorly and skin of neck superiorly |
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