Term
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Definition
1. Bacteria
2. fungi
3. parasites
4. viruses |
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Term
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Definition
-early nucleas
-bacteria/algi |
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Term
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Definition
-membrane bound
-true nucleas
-animals/fungi |
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Term
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Definition
appendages
cell envelope
cytoplasm
endospores |
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Term
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Definition
flagella
fimbriae or common pili
sex pilus |
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Term
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Definition
glycocalyx (slime layers, capsule)
cell wall
cell mambrane |
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Term
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Definition
cell pool
nucleoid: chromosome
plasmids
ribosomes
inclusion bodies/granules |
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Term
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Definition
not all bacteria have
long hair-like appendages composed of multiple units of flagellin
-vary in # and arrangment
dircted mvmnt influenced by - & + chemotaxis |
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Term
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Definition
short hairs on exterior of cell
thinner than flagella
composed of multiple units of pilin
adhesin / aggresin / indavin
*main function: attchmt
fimbriae: 100s of hairs
pili: about 20 hairs |
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Term
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Definition
can attach, has pili
increases pathogenesis ( ability to cause infection) |
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Term
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Definition
| elongate, rigid, hollow tubular structure through which dna may be transferred (bacterial conjugation) |
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Term
| cell envelope (glycocalyx) |
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Definition
sticky gelatinous layer around some but not all bacteria
composed of a polysaccharide/protein mix-variable thickness
function: protection (of extreme environmental conditions, loss of water and nutrients) and attachment |
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Term
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Definition
loose soluble shield non-uniform in density or thickness that protects cell from dehydration and nutrient loss
-aid in bacterial attchmnt
-composition: polysaccharide protein mix |
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Term
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Definition
| thick gelatinous polymer firmly attached to cell wall that contributes to bacterial virulence by potecting bacteria from phagocytosis and destruction by certain white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
gives bacterium its shape
protects cell from osmotic lysis by confining the cytoplasmic membrane
thickness depends on gram - or gram +
-primary component: heteropolymer peptidogylcan |
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Term
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Definition
long polysaccharide chains of 2 repeating disaccharides (glycan chains)
1. NAG & 2. NAM
-glycan chains are cross-linked by short tetrapeptide between M subunits |
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Term
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Definition
blue/purple
primarily composed of peptidoglycan (40 multiple layers) (90% of cell wall)
remaining 1-%: 1. teichoic acid & 2. lipoteichoic acid |
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Term
| Function of teichoic acid & lipoteichoic acid |
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Definition
1. assist in the transport of ions
2. reinforce cross linking btwn glycan chains
3. increase rigidity of cell wall
-tetrapeptides (maybe referred to as interbridging) also increase rigidty of cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
-3 layered cell wall
-single layer of peptidoglycan thus weaker cell wall than gram + |
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Term
Gram - cell wall
outer membrane |
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Definition
-largest part of cell wall
-external to peptidoglycan layer
-semipermeable
-phospholipid bilayer
-contains:
a. lipopolysaccharides (anchor)
b. lipoproteins (hold outer membrane to peptidoglycan layer)
c. porin proteins-protein channels ( nonspecific protein channels so materials can enter in periplasmic space) |
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Term
Gram - cell wall
periplasmic space |
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Definition
-main function
-narrow gap btwn the inner and outer membrane
-contains degradative or hydrolytic enzymes-phosphates, nucleases, proteases and lipases
-contains peptidoglycan
-porin proteins allow material to enter periplasmic space |
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Term
Gram - cell wall
peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-bacterial analog for membrane bound organelles
-thin flexible structure inside cell wall, molded around cytoplasm
-phospholipid bilayer containing specialized proteins(peripheral and integral)
-phospholipid molecule consists of polar head ( hydrophilic) and non polar tains (2 long chain fatty acids-hydrophobic)
-semi-permeable
-site of metabolic activities atribute to eukaryotes:
1. respiration/photosynthesis
2. transport systems
3. synthesis of cell wall components
4. synthesis of lipids
5. secretion of exoenzymes to periplasmic space
6. secretion of toxins (virulent factors)
-discharge of waste (co2, h2o, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophillic & hydrophobictendencines in the phospholipid layer |
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Term
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Definition
70-80% made of h2o
-internal matrix of cell contained inside the cell mambrane
-dense gelatinous solution with primary component of h20
-within h2o is cell pool (complex mix of nutrients which is the building block for cell synthesis/metabolism or sources of energy/catabolism) |
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Term
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Definition
-single circle of double stranded dna with specialized proteins
-irregularly shapes/ minimal material needed for bacterial survival
-contains genetic info for cell structure and function
-not enclosed by a membrane
-aka nuclear region |
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Term
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Definition
extra piece of dna
-found in most bacteria but not all
-antibiotic resistance
-production of toxins
-production of enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
free in cytoplasm or attached to inner membrane
-granules of rna and proteins that function as sites for protein synthesis |
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Term
| inclusion bodies / storage granules |
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Definition
-amophous particles floating in the cytoplam and composed of reserve nutrients stored when in abundance
-may contain polysaccharides (glycogen or starch), lipids (polymer of b-hydroxy-butyric acid; phb) or poly-phosphate (inorganic phosphate) |
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Term
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Definition
mechanism of survival
-only certain bacteria can form a spore (advantagis for bacteria)
-not growth, its a means for survival
-1 bacteria can only form 1 spore and visa versa
-synthesized in the cytoplasm of certain gram + bacteria
-no metabloc activity/growth
-resistant to environmental stress
-when proper nutrients are present, endospore becomes activated and will germinate into a normal bacterial cell |
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