Term
| What chemical is Steptococcus pneumoniae sensitive for and helps in identifying it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hemolytic activity of Steptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main virulent factor of Steptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the polysaccharide capsule of Steptococcus pneumoniae protect it against? |
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Definition
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Term
| What virulence factor of Steptococcus pneumoniae will cause inflammatory response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cell membrane protein in Steptococcus pneumoniae that is euivalent to a toxin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the most common colonization site of Steptococcus pneumoniae in healthy individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group has the highest prevalence of colonization and during what season of the year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has happened to the incidence of Steptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia up to the 21st century? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group is Steptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia most common in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four main clinical manifestations of Steptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
MOPS
Meningitis
Otitis Media (in children #1cause)
Pneumonia
Sinusitis |
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Term
| Name seven predisposing factors to obtaining Steptococcus pneumoniae infection? |
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Definition
cirrhosis
ETOH
HIV (immunocomrpomised)
spleenectomy
heart failure
malignancy
chronic lung disease |
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Term
| What has happened to the incidence of Steptococcus pneumoniae since 1999? Why? |
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Definition
| it has decreased due to decreased transmission from vaccine |
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Term
| What was the drug of choice for Steptococcus pneumoniae up until the 1980s? Why is it not now? |
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Definition
| PCN used to be until resistance began |
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Term
| What is the difference between intermediate and high resistance to PCN? |
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Definition
intermediate is when you get a transformation of the PBP
High when you get a transformation of the PBP and a mutation |
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Term
| WHere do the majority of resistant strains come from, mutation or transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can you reduce the amount of resistant Steptococcus pneumoniae by giving a vaccine? |
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Definition
| b/c the majority of the resitant strains are in the population to such a great extent due to transmission and not mutation; therefore by giving a vaccine you are reducing transmission |
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Term
| What does the Steptococcus pneumoniae vaccine include that makes it T-cell dependent? |
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Definition
| proteins carriers and the polysaccaride capsule |
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Term
| What are six risk factors for resistant Steptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
elderly
nursing home
<1 y/o
daycare
recent antibiotic use
HIV |
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Term
| What factors determine the Steptococcus pneumoniae vaccine efficacy? |
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Definition
age of patient (worst in elderly and infancy)
immune status
time since last vaccine |
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