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| What is the early date proposed by biblical scholars as to the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt? |
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| 1446 BC, based on 1 Kings 6:1, which says the dedication of the temple (966 BC) occurred 480 years after the exodus |
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| What is the late date proposed by biblical scholars as to the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt? |
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| The late date falls during the reign of Rameses II after 1279 BC - based on Exodus 1:11 |
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| What is the Merneptah Stele? |
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| this is significant to biblical archaeologists because it is the earliest extra-biblical reference to the nation of Israel yet to be discovered. |
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| What does Moses' Egyptian name mean? |
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| Miriam (is not named until Exodus 15:20) |
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| After Moses kills an Egyptian, where does he flee to? |
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| Midian in the Sinai peninsula east of Egypt |
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| “the mountain of God,” is the same as Mt. Sinai (Deut. 4:10). |
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| Where did Moses meet God? |
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| exact location is not known, but in the south of the Sinai peninsula which is now Saudia Arabia |
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| What does the word holy mean? |
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| this means means sanctified or set apart by God for special use or service |
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| God tells Moses to explain to the people that “I am” has sent him. The name , which God reveals to Moses in 3:15 and 6:3, is a form of the Hebrew verb “to be.” God is the one who exists and gives life to everything. Only He exists within Himself, depending on no other source of power. In many English Bibles, this is translated as LORD (all caps). |
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| The lifeblood of Egypt, sometimes called the blood of Osiris, god of the underworld; thus it is fitting that the Nile turned to blood |
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| a frog-headed goddess, but could not control the second plague |
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| also know as the (lion) protected her followers from epidemics, but she could not stop the death of the livestock, nor could Hathor (cow). |
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| The ninth plague, darkness, blotted out the sun. |
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| The jackal-headed, lord of embalming, did not prevent the death of the first born. |
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| The land where the Israelites lived and were protected from all that God bestowed upon Egypt, the plagues, etc. |
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1-Nile into blood
2-Invasion of Frogs
3-Swarming Lice
4-Insects
5-Animals sick and dying
6-Skin sores and blisters
7-Hail and thunder
8-Invasion of Locusts
9-Darkness covers Egypt
10-First Passover |
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| unleavened for two reasons; they were in a hurry to leave, and leaven was a symbol of impurity to the Jews. |
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| Sea of Reeds - possibly one of the fresh water lakes above the Gulf of Suez |
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| sounds like the Hebrew words "man hu" meaning "What is this?" |
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| descendants of Esau and continued to be an adversary of Israel. |
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| Moses'assistant - first mentioned in Exodus 17:14 - God tells Moses to write on a scroll and read it to Joshua: I will completely wipe out the memor of Amalek under the sky. |
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| 1-You must have no other gods before me 2-You shall not make idols 3-Do not use the Lord's name in vain 4-Remember the Sabbath day 5-Honor your father and your mother 6-Do not kill 7-Do not commit adultery 8-do not steal 9-Do not lie 10-Do not covet |
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| This shameful episode represents the theme we see throughout Exodus: the contrast between God’s faithfulness and Israel’s faithlessness. |
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| Today many of us worship at this altar as our culture tells us that we can never have enough. We must buy the latest gadgets or clothes or fads, even as our closets and shelves are already full of things we don't use. In Colossians 3:5, Paul calls greed idolatry. |
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| This has become an idol in our society. We insist on our right to do what we want, our right to protest, to smoke, to own a gun, to have an abortion, to sue anyone who offends us. Christianity stands in sharp contrast to this attitude, calling us to consider our responsibilities toward others more important than fighting for our own rights. Until we rid our lives of these idols, we should not criticize the Israelites for theirs |
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| This was not a place where people gather to worship like a church. Only priests could enter the Tabernacle itself, and only the high priest could enter the Holy of Holies where the Ark of the Covenant rested. |
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| A veil separated this inner sanctuary from the rest of the Tabernacle. The Tabernacle was primarily a physical sign of the presence of God, dwelling in the midst of His people. |
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| This contained the Ten Commandments, a jar of manna (Ex. 16:33), and Aaron’s rod that miraculously budded (Numbers 17:10; Hebrews 9:4). The lid on the Ark was decorated with two cherubim with wings outspread. No one could touch the Ark because of its holiness. Priests carried it by poles inserted in rings on the side. Because the Ark was probably destroyed by the Babylonians when they sacked Jerusalem in 586 BC, no one knows exactly what it looked like. |
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| This contained the Ark of the Covenant, the Holy of Holies; the Golden Altar of Incense; the Holy Place; the Table of Showbread; the Veil, the Golden Menorah;the Court of the tabernacle contained the Brazen Laver and the Brazen Altar of Burnt Offerings. |
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| On this day aka (Yom Kippur), the high priest would first sacrifice a bull for his own sins, then choose one of two goats to sacrifice; the other (called the scapegoat) he would let go free in the desert, symbolically carrying away the sins of the people. Then he would enter the Holy of Holies and sprinkle blood from the sacrifice onto the lid of the Ark (Lev. 16). |
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| Moses chooses 12 men to spy out the land before they attempt to enter. Ten of the men report that the people there are too powerful for them to conquer. Only Caleb and Joshua believe that God can lead them to victory. |
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| from the tribe of Judah, Jephunneh's son |
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| from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea, Nun's son |
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| is used as a cure for snake bite becomes an interesting symbol in the NT. In John 3:14-15 Jesus says, "Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.” |
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| this tale of the talking donkey adds a humorous element to an otherwise serious theme, that God can use even his enemies to bring about his will. Rather than curses, Balaam eventually delivers four blessings on Israel. |
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| Athtar “the terrible” tried to usurp the throne in Baal’s absence but he was too short to rule. Also called Molech (king), idolatrous Israelites sacrificed children to him (Lev 18:21; Jer 32:35). |
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| the sky-god, was pictured as old and bearded, and called father. Not considered very powerful, he was pushed around by the other gods. He is described as merciful and compassionate; however, these were seen not as positive qualities but signs of weakness, someone not to be feared. This is one of the names for God in the Old Testament as well, but with very different attributes. |
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| El's daughter who threatened to kill him if he did not build Baal's palace |
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| Athirat or Asherah (Hebrew) |
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| El’s consort (sometimes Baal’s), a fertility goddess whose worship was associated with trees and poles (Ex 34:13, Deut. 16:21, 1 Kings 15:14, to name a few biblical references). |
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| the storm god, “the rider of the clouds” (the same phrase is applied to Yahweh: Deut 33:26; Ps 68:4; Isa 19:1), his voice is thunder (Ps 29:3; 68:33). This literally means lord or master; God is called baal in Jer 3:14 (translated “husband”). |
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| a grain god associated in the Bible with the Philistines (Judges 16:23; 1 Sam 5:2-5). |
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| Definition of the name Joshua |
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| means "Yahweh is salvation." In Hebrew it is the same name as Jesus -- Yeshua. "Jesus" is a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew name. |
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| well known by NT writers as a woman who demonstrated faith (Hebrews 11:31; James 2:25). She is listed as one of Jesus' ancestors (Matthew 1:5). She stands as an example of how God accepts non-Israelites, even prostitutes, if they show faith in Him. The Bible does not criticize her for lying to the guards about the spies but praises her efforts to save them. "The case of Rahab suggests that other Canaanites could have been spared if they had truly acknowledged God." (Briley) |
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| Notable non-Israelite women in OT |
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| Ruth the Moabite, and the widow of Zarephath who ministered to Elijah (1 Kings 17) |
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| After crossing the Jordan, the people took stones from the river bed and construct a memorial here, which will serve, like Passover, as a reminder to future generations of what God has done to save his people. |
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| commemorates God's parting the Jordan. |
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| Name the tribes that held land on the eastern side of the Jordan |
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| Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh, but they were required to help conquer the land for the other tribes |
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| There was no tribe of Joseph, but instead... |
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| two tribes from his sons Ephraim and Manasseh |
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| What territory did the Levites receive in the Land of Canaan? |
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| they did not receive a particular territory (13:14, 33) but as priests served in all the regions of the land in 48 cities (21). |
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| Where did the Philistines live? |
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| Along the Mediterranean coast, and continued to plague Israel for centuries. |
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| Where did the tribe of Dan settle? |
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| Perhaps because the proximity of the Philistines, the tribe of Dan eventually moved to settle in the north (19:47). |
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| A prophet, the wife of Lappidoth and the only female leader in Judges |
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| because Gideon broke down Baal’s altar, they gave him the name Jerub-Baal that day, saying, “Let Baal contend with him.” Gideon defeats the Midianites |
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| Lead Israel for twenty years and killed more in his death than he did in his lifetime |
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| One of the major Canaanite gods, presiding over rain, harvest, and fertility |
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| Ashtoreth (Assyrian name) was a female goddess of fertility |
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| Asherah (Judges 6:25) refers to a goddess and also sacred places of pagan worship where a pole to represent fertility was erected. |
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| Unlike Israel's other enemies, Midianites were not from Canaan but invaded the land from the south (remember that Moses lived in Midian and married a woman from there). As nomads, the Midianites took over the land and left it in ruins. Other local groups such as the Amalekites took advantage of the chaos as well (6:3, 33). |
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| The Nazirite vow is first described in Numbers 6:3-21. Samson had to avoid alcohol, corpses, and cutting his hair. Eventually Samson broke all of these vows. In the NT, John the baptist appears to have taken the Nazirite vow in special, lifelong dedication to God. |
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| migrated across the sea, probably from Crete (Amos 9:7), to settle in Canaan, thus they are sometimes called the Sea People. |
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| Egyptian records mention them as invaders during the early 12th century BC. There were five major Philistine cities, three along the coast -- Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod -- and two inland -- Ekron and Gath. The area today in Israel is known as the Gaza strip, territory of the Palestinians. The Romans called Canaan "Palestine" based on the Philistines. |
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