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| Three regions dominated the ancient near east, making up what is called the |
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| lay along the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Egypt to the south and Mesopotamia to the east. |
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| Before the people of Israel entered the land (sometime between 1400-1200 BC), |
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| Canaan was inhabited by several nations which we will discuss later in our study. |
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| runs through the land, with the Sea of Galilee to the north and the Dead Sea to the south. |
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| The Old Kingdom dates from |
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| has a long and illustrious history. |
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| he great pyramids of Giza (near modern Cairo) were built as tombs for the pharaohs. |
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| the New Kingdom dates from |
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| The Egypt described in the Bible mostly falls |
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| within the period of the New Kingdom. |
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| “between the rivers” referring to the main rivers of the Tigris and Euphrates. |
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| Today the countries of Iraq and Iran occupy |
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| most of the biblical Mesopotamia. |
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| In the ancient world several great civilizations ruled |
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| The earliest to occupy Mesopotami were |
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| who invented writing called cuneiform, meaning wedge-shaped, around 3000 BC. |
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| Centuries later three major empires arose in Mesopotamia which would impact |
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| One of three major empires in Mospotamia was Assyria with its capital |
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| The Old Testament consists of |
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| 39 books, written mostly in Hebrew over a period of one thousand years by many different authors, most of whom are unidentified. |
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| The first five books are called the Pentateuch which means |
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| One of three major empires in Mospotamia was |
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| Today the Jews refer to these books as |
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| One of three major empires in Mospotamia was |
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| a book of beginnings, giving an account of the creation of the world, the first man and woman, the first sin, the flood, and the birth of the nation of Israel starting with the journey to the promised land by the patriarch Abraham, his son Isaac, and his son Jacob. The story concludes with the sons of Jacob living in Egypt. |
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| the salvation of God’s people from the land of Egypt and their return to the land of Canaan, their original home. |
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| the rules for holy living and worship as directed by the priesthood. The book is named after the tribe of Levi. |
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| of the Israelites’ wandering in the desert, often losing faith in God to provide. |
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| “second law,” records Moses’ final speeches, giving instruction to the people before they enter the promised land. |
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| Many passages in scripture are written in |
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| Genesis gives no indication of how long ago “in the beginning” occurred. The popular date of 4004 BC was proposed by |
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| Bishop Ussher in the 17th century, and was printed in some King James Bibles, leading some readers to believe this was the actual date. |
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| But in Genesis there is only |
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| one God, who creates everything by His omnipotent will. |
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| This belief in monotheism sets |
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| the Hebrew scriptures apart from most other creation accounts. |
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| In ancient times, the sea was considered |
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| a fearful, uncontrollable force and represented primordial chaos, before God brought everything into order |
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| Many cultures thought the sky was |
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| a dome covering the earth. |
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| The word translated firmament or expanse in our English Bibles is |
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| the Hebrew word raqia, meaning “that which has been hammered or beaten out” like a metal bowl or dome. |
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| divides the waters above from the waters below (Genesis 1:6). |
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| light on the first day before the sun and stars, the sources of light, on the fourth day. |
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| What does it mean to say that human beings are made in God’s image? |
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| The Bible never defines this specifically but there are many possibilities, including the ability to communicate and form relationships, to reason, to create (the first quality we learn about God). Human life has inherent dignity and value because of this divine image within us. All people, whether or not they acknowledge God as their creator, are made in His image and thus deserve our respect and fair treatment. |
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| The crucial difference between Darwinian evolution and Christian doctrine is |
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| not the length of time but that God directed the process with a purpose in mind; there was an intelligent design behind the process. |
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| The basic word for “God” in the Old Testament is |
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| El or the plural form Elohim, the same word for the chief Canaanite god. |
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| God has several names or titles. The most common name is |
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| Yahweh, which the old King James incorrectly spelled as Jehovah. In Hebrew the name is spelled with four consonants and no vowels: YHWH. |
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| A Christian theologian in the 2nd century, Irenaeus argued that |
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| Adam’s original nature was not perfect, but instead innocent and childlike |
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| The Bible often describes God in human form, a literary device called |
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| anthropomorphism, another example of figurative language not meant to be read literally. |
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| The term patriarchs refers to |
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| the founding fathers of the nation of Israel: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob |
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| The Bible teaches that God elects |
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| specific individuals through whom He intends to accomplish His will. |
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| The patriarch’s original name was |
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| Ch. 19 describes God’s destruction of the wicked cities of |
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| God was willing to be merciful, promising Abraham that He would spare the cities if only |
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| ten righteous people could be found. Only Lot and his family seem to fit that description. |
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| Some scholars believe that the destroyed cities are now covered by |
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| The story ends on a sorry note, when Lot’s daughters, fearing they would be barren, |
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| get their father drunk and sleep with him. The Bible records these events without condoning them. From this night were born the ancestors of two races, Moab and Ammon, who would plague the Israelites centuries later. |
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| 13 years after the birth of Ishmael, and 25 years after the first promise (12:1), God fulfills his promise to Abraham with |
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| Muslims believe that Ishmael became the father of |
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| The Koran claims that the well Hagar found in the desert was |
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| near Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Today they celebrate her rescue in the desert by running the path from Mecca to the well. |
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| Although he was Abraham’s promised son, Genesis does not tell much about |
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| Isaac but focuses on his sons Jacob and Esau. |
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| Esau’s nickname Edom means |
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| “red” as he had a ruddy complexion. |
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| Jacob sounds like the Hebrew word for “heel” since he |
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| took hold of his brother’s heel when they were born, suggesting his grasping nature |
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| In the ancient world, birthright was |
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| a special privilege, giving the first born a double portion of the estate (Deut. 21:17) and leadership over the rest of the family (Gen. 43:33). |
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| After tricking his father and stealing the birthright from his brother, Jacob escapes to |
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| During this time, the deceiver is deceived, when Laban marries him to his older daughter |
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| Leah (whose name means “wild cow”) before giving him his true love Rachel (“lamb”). |
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| The story of Joseph is probably familiar to many of you. It was even made into a Broadway musical, |
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| Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. |
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| Joseph’s rivalry with his brothers is |
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| the culmination of a pattern of family jealousy and favoritism, as seen previously between Sarah and Hagar, Rebekah’s favoritism toward Jacob over Esau, rivalry between Rachel and Leah. |
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| Who is the eldest brother that hoped to save Joseph? |
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| Reuben, knowing that his father will be crushed if he loses him. |
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| Joseph’s story is interrupted by |
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| the sordid tale of Judah and Tamar in ch. 38. |
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| Judah becomes the most important of Jacob’s sons, because |
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| of the blessing that he receives in Gen. 49:10: “the scepter will not depart from Judah.” This is interpreted as a prophecy that a line of kings would come from the tribe of Judah, which became true with David many centuries later. |
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| When Joseph tries to do the right thing and refuses to have an affair with the wife of Potiphar, his "reward" is |
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| Who is involved in the unfortunate pun? |
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| just as the Pharaoh will “lift up the head” of the cupbearer and return him to his place of service, he will also “lift up the head” of the baker by capital punishment. |
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| In Gen. 40:15 Joseph says he was taken from |
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| the “land of the Hebrews.” |
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