Term
STIMULANTS:
General Effects are:
For the following: COCAINE, AMPHETAMINES, METHAMPHETAMINES, CAFFEINE, NICOTINE |
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Definition
| Sweating, increased heartbeat, dilation of pupils, increased body temperature, increased BP, ‘rush’-feeling of euphoria and powerfulness. |
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Term
| Generally……Problems that develop with STIMULANTS usage: |
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Definition
a) Respiratory Problems: Damaged nasal and bronchial passages (It’s all about DOSAGE).
b) Cardiovascular: Increased heart diseases.
c) Liver: Damage to liver from metabolizing the drug. |
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Term
COCAINE PHARMACOLOGY:
Causes massive release of:
Blocks reabsorbtion of:
FYI: The Greatest irony of Drug Using: whatever they’re doing for you….is the part of you that they’re damaging. |
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Definition
| release of Dopamine and also blocks reabsorption. This floods the pleasure centers of the brain w/ dopamine. “Reward Center” focused. |
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Term
| COCAINE-FUN FACT: Cocaine can autometabolize after death: meaning it: |
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Definition
| will continue to reduce in potency in the blood if someone has died. |
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Term
| Alcohol and cocaine when used together forms: |
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Definition
Cocaethylene: this also stimulates the ‘old brain’ in triggering the ‘fight or flight’ syndrome-needed for survival.
The half-life of cocaethylene is much longer that just cocaine: (2 HOURS versus 38 minutes); there is also evidence to suggest that this substance is also toxic to the liver tissue. |
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Term
| Routes of Administration: (in order of fastest effects: |
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Definition
| Inhalation, Injection, snorting, sublingual, Fastest effects are from smoking! |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by cocaine: |
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Definition
| 1) Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin all released in mass-triggered by the cocaine |
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Term
| Biological/physical side effects of cocaine use: |
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Definition
1) Tolerance & Withdrawal
CARDIOVASCULAR
2) Respiratory issues (due to lung inhalation and nasal.
3)Constricted blood flow; if pregnant-less blow flow to fetus.
4)Cardiac. arrhythmia
LIVER:
1) Some people can not metabolize cocaine/stays in system longer.
CNS:
1)Vasoconstrictor/cognitive impairment/higher BP increases chance of stroke/seizure.
TACTILE HALLUCINATIONS:
1) cocaine 'bugs
2) increased anxiety
c) depression/suicidal ideation is common. ANHEDONIA-since dopamine & serotonin are diffused by cocaine |
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Term
AMPHETAMINES:
General neurophysiological effects: |
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Definition
1) Floods the synapse w/ dopamine and norepinephrine
2) Releases larger quantities of the above
3) Also, blocks reuptake at synapse
4) Inhibit MAO
5) LD is quite varied and unpredictable depending on the individual. Some types of amphetamines are excreted UNCHANGED; others metabolize in the liver. |
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Term
| TOLERANCE to amphetamines: Happens sporadically: fasssst and unpredictable! 3 Ways to overcome the tolerance: |
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Definition
1) Using higher and higher doses
2) Ingesting small doses continually
3) Using in IV form |
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Term
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Definition
1) Longer lasting than cocaine (4-6 hours) and can be used orally
2) Small anesthetic effect
3) Increased alertness and mood elevation
4) Euphoria and a higher level of concentration (Tolerance develops to the euphoria and thus higher levels are used. |
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Term
| METHAMPHETAMINES: EFFECTS of: |
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Definition
| Generally, increased breathing and Heart rate, heart palpitations; anxiety, headache, hyperthermia |
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Term
| BIOLOGICAL & PHYSICAL EFFECTS of Methamphetamines: |
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Definition
1) Serious tooth loss and decay due to lack of circulation and malnutrition (also….leeching of calcium from bones)
2) METH Bugs: sores from toxins and anxiety induced itching and picking and scratching and tactile hallucinations
3) Same as amphetamines but the toxic effects of the chemicals remain to be seen
4) (There is speculation that meth users will have a higher rate of cancer & Parkinsons). |
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Term
| 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN METH & COCAINE: |
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Definition
1) Meth is longer lasting than cocaine: (20-30 minutes to 8-12 hours)
2) Effective when used orally-mixes well in liquids-coke does not.
3) No real anesthetic effect- coke does have anesthetic effect! |
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Term
| Major Psychological Effect of METH: |
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Definition
| Generally, because of the damaged dopamine receptors, depression & suicide potential is common and may last for months: Anhedonia. |
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