Term
| Where is the pharynx located? |
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Definition
| Posterior to the nasal cavities, mouth and larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Funnel shaped with upper end inferior to the base of skull, narrow end becomes part of the esophagus at the 6th vertebrae. |
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Term
| Which muscles of the pharynx are circular in direction? |
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Definition
| Superior, Middle, and inferior |
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Term
Which muscles of the pharynx are longitudinal in direction?
What do these muscles do? |
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Definition
| Stylopharyngeus and Salingopharyngeus. These muscles elevate the pharynx and larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pterygoid hamulus, ptergomandibular raphe; posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible and side of tongue.
Insertion: Pharyngeal tubercle on basilar part of occipital bone
Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve and pharyngeal plexus.
Actions: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid
Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe
Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus plus branches of external and recurrent laryngeal nerves of vagus.
Action: Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid cartilage.
Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe, and cricopharyngeal part encircles pharyngoesophageal junction without forming a raphe
Innervation: Pharyngeal ranch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus, plus branches of external and recurrent layngeal nerves of vagus
Action: constric walls of pharynx during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube
Insertion: blends with palatopharyngeus
Innervation: pharyngeal branch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus
Action: Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: Posterior and superior borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus
Innervation: Glossopharyngeal nerve
Action: Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking |
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Term
| Where does the nasal part of pharynx lie? what happens to it during swallowing? |
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Definition
| behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate. When the soft palate is raised and the posterior wall of the pharynx is drawn anteriorly (swallowing) the nasal part is shut off from the oral part. |
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Term
| Where does the oral part lie? What else is located here on the lateral walls? |
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Definition
| Behind the mouth cavity and extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis. The palatine tonsils are located here. |
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Term
| Where does the laryngeal part of pharynx lie? |
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Definition
| Behind the opening into the larynx and the posterior surface of the larynx. |
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Term
| What nerve supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of pharynx? |
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Definition
| Maxillary V3 from Trigeminal nerve |
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Term
| What supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of larynx? |
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Definition
| Internal laryngeal branch of vagus nerve. |
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Term
| What supplies motor neurons to the muscles of the pharynx for the most part? Which muscle is not included? |
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Definition
| The cranial part of the accessory nerve via the Vagus to pharyngeal plexus. The Stylopharyngeus is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve. |
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Term
| What arteries serve the pharynx? |
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Definition
| Ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, facial, maxillary, and lingual arteries. |
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Term
| Which lymph nodes receive lymph from the pharynx? |
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Definition
| The deep cervical lymph nodes. |
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Term
| What makes up the hard palate? |
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Definition
| The maxillae and palatine bones |
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Term
| What makes up the soft palate? |
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Definition
| It is the mobile fold posterior to the hard palate. The muscles are the Tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine, palatoglosus, palatopharyngeus, and musculus uvulae. |
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Term
| What nerves serve the soft palate? |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve 9: Glossopharyngeal |
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Term
| What nerves serve the hard palate? |
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Definition
| Cranial Nerve 5, V2 (maxillary) via three branches. |
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Term
| What arteries serve the Palate? |
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Definition
| Maxillary, facial, and ascending pharyngeal arteries. |
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Term
| Where does lymph from the palate collect? |
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Definition
| In the deep cervical nodes. |
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Term
| Explain what happens during swallowing. |
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Definition
Bolus moves to posterior of mouth, hard palate, and oral part of the pharynx.
The nasal part of pharynx is closed.
Larynx is pulled forward by superior constrictor.
Main part of larynx is elevated to the epiglottis by muscles.
Larynx is closed
Sup. Mid. and Inf. constrictors sequentially contract to move food to the esophagus. |
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Term
| What makes up the external nose? |
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Definition
| Root, Bridge, nostrils, nares, nasal septum, and ala |
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Term
| What empties into the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| Maxillary, frontal, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses empty into cavity. |
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Term
| What supplies general sensation to the nose cavity? |
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Definition
| Opthalmic and maxillary divisions of the Trigeminal nerve. |
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Term
| What supplies blood to the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
Maxillary artery.
Bleeding from the nose usually comes from a vestibule and i an anastomosis of the maxillary and facial arteries. (epistaxis) |
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Term
Where are the paranasal sinuses found?
What do they consist of?
What do they do? |
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Definition
In the interior of the maxilla, frontal sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
They are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air. They communicate with nasal cavity through small apertures.
They function as resonators to the voice and reduce the wight of skull. |
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Term
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Definition
A specialized organ that provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passages and is responsible for voice production.
It involves a framework of cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments and moved by muscles. |
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Term
| What makes up the Larynx? |
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Definition
| Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, other cartilages, Hyoid bone, epiglottis. |
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Term
| What muscles elevate the larynx during swallowing? |
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Definition
| Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid. |
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Term
| What muscles depress the larynx after swallowing? |
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Definition
| Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid. |
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Term
| What do the intrinsic muscles of larynx do? |
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Definition
| Control inlet to larynx, control vocal folds. |
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Term
| What muscles are the extrinsic muscles of larynx? |
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Definition
| Elevators and depressors. |
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Term
| What is the sphincteric function of the larynx? |
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Definition
The inlet sphincter pulls the larynx tight to posterior tongue while a bolus of food passes posteriorly.
The epiglottis moves posteriorly and is a cap over the inlet. |
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Term
| What is the rima glottidis? |
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Definition
| It serves as a sphincter, after inspiration, vocal folds adduct, muscles of expiration are made to contract strongly, vocal folds abduct and released air dislodges object into the pharynx so it can be swallowed. |
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Term
| How is voice produced by the larynx? |
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Definition
Intermittent release of expired air between adducted vocal folds caused vibration.
Frequency and pitch depend on tension of ligaments
Quality of voice depends on resonators above larynx (pharynx, mouth, and paranasal sinuses)
Quality is controlled by soft palate, tongue and floor of mouth, cheeks, lips and jaw. |
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Term
| What are the motor nerves to the Larynx? |
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Definition
Recurrent laryngeal from Vagus and external laryngeal from vagus.
VAGUS |
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Term
| What are the sensor nerves to the Larynx? |
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Definition
| Superior and internal laryngeal from VAGUS. |
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Term
| What arteries serve the Larynx? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior thyroid arteries |
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