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| 1. What is the only one real source for error in obtaining short-term measurements of food consumption? |
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Definition
| BEHAVIOR- HOW THE PATIENT WILL ACT WHEN BEING UNDER OBSERVATION |
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| 2. These are the 2 techniques used to record a patient’s food intake. |
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Definition
| 1) DIETARY RECALLS, 2) FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE |
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Term
| 3. _____ require that a patient record or recall every food and beverage he or she consumed over a predetermined period of time. |
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Definition
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| 4. _____ seems to be the shortest amount of time that is necessary to obtain accurate estimates of energy intake, whereas longer periods of time are necessary to estimate macronutrient intake. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. The weakness in 3-day records is that they may not accurately reflect _____, particularly if an individual does not vary his or her eating patterns over the 3-day period. |
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Definition
| LONG-TERM FOOD CONSUMPTION |
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Term
| 6. _____ are often used because they address longer nutrient patterns than 3-day records. They are important for foods eaten less regularly than daily or weekly. |
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Definition
| FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES |
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Term
| 7. It has been shown that _____ tend to overestimate consumption of total energy when compared to food diaries. |
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Definition
| FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES |
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Term
| 8. _____ is released in the process of cellular respiration as the energy yielding nutrients fat, protein, and carbs are metabolized to produce the energy needed for biological functions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. The process of measuring metabolic heat release is called _____. |
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Definition
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| 10. It is important to observe that since the rate of heat release is directly proportional to the rate of metabolism, _____ can be determined by measuring heat release. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. _____ is the measurement of heat emission from a person enclosed in a chamber. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. The change in temperature of direct calorimetry is measured in units called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. The machines for measuring body heat loss are called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. _____ calorimeters allow for the study of energy-expenditure in a “freely living” subject. |
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Definition
| ROOM-SIZED DIRECT CALORMETER |
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Term
| 15. _____ calorimeters further confine the movement of a person, and therefore can only be used to estimate the individuals RMR. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. What is a complicating factor in research using direct calorimetry and freely living subjects? |
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Definition
| THE NEED TO CONTROL OTHER SOURCES OF HEAT BESIDES THAT OF WHICH THE SUBJECT IS PRODUCING (EXERCISE EQUIPMENT HEAT) |
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Term
| 17. Since the heat liberated from the body is the result of the metabolism of food substrate in mitochondrial respiration, therefore _____ and _____ are directly related. |
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Definition
| OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE |
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Term
| 18. A technique called _____ is more commonly employed in exercise physiology labs or in clinical programs to measure O2 consumption and estimate energy expenditure during resting and exercise conditions. |
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Definition
| INDIRECT RESPIRATORY CALORIMETRY |
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Term
| 19. The energy liberated when fat is oxidized is _____kcal per O2 consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. The energy liberated when carbs are consumed is _____kcal per O2 consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. Because a metabolized substrate is generally a combination of fat and carbs and average caloric expenditure is usually estimated as _____kcal per O2 consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. Indirect respiratory calorimetry may be performed by either _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| CLOSED CIRCUIT SPIROMETRY OR OPEN CIRCUIT SPIROMETRY |
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Term
| 23. _____ have the patient breating 100% O2 from a prefilled spirometer connected to a recording apparatus to account for the O2 removed from the spirometer and the CO2 produced and collected by an absorbing material. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. By calculating the ration of the volume of O2 consumed and the CO2 produced, and more exact _____ for VO2 can be determined rather than using the average of 5kcal per O2 consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. The closed-circuit indirect calorimetry method is most commonly used to measure _____ in clinical labs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. In this indirect calorimetry method, the patient inspires air directly from the atmosphere and measurements of the fractional amounts of O2 inspired and O2 expired are made. The respiratory volume is also measured. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. To accommodate the _____ the open-circuit technique is most commonly used. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. The _____ of indirect calorimetry works on a similar principle as indirect respiratory calorimetry in regards to gas exchange. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. With doubly labeled water, _____ production is calculated rather than O2 consumption. |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. Why does the doubly labeled method work? |
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Definition
| BECAUSE CO2 PRODUCTION AND O2 CONSUMPTION ARE DIRECTLY RELATED |
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Term
| 31. Since direct and indirect calorimetry methods are FUCKING STUPID!, major efforts have been made to derive prediction equations. The most common prediction equations are that of the _____ and the _____. |
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Definition
| KLIEBER AND HARRIS AND BENEDICT |
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Term
| 32. _____ demonstrated that RMR relative to BM raised to the exponent of -.74 was consistent for mature mammals ranging in size from rats to steers. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. _____ included variables other than BM in their equation, namely height and age. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. The klieber and harris and benedict equations are less predictive among _____ persons. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. Assessing _____ is an important component of any weight reduction program. Since means and exercise influence metabolism at any given moment, strategic timing and dosing of diet and exercise can facilitate weight reduction and enhance body composition. |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. _____ is a key factor in reduced weight maintenance and that the increased amount of this, the better the maintenance of weight loss. |
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Definition
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| 37. Patients who expend at least _____kcal a week are more likely to maintain their full end-of-treatment weight loss. |
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Definition
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Term
| Exercise recommendations for the anorexic patient is to focus on maintaining a _____, and by following present guidelines, the anorexic patient can safely participate in an exercise program. |
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Definition
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