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Stereo Microphones
n/a
32
Audiology
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2012

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Cards

Term
Stereo Mic'ing was first commonplace around the year ________, through the use in what film?
Definition
1955, Walt Disney's Fantasia
Term
The ______ was the first to experiment with stereo mic'ing. 
Definition
Paris Opera (1881). They used a series of telephone transmitters across the front of the stage. This was considered the first two-channel audio system.
Term
Localization (definition)
Definition
The way we figure out where oncoming sound is being generated. 
Term
2 factors of Localization
Definition
Distance, Arrival Angle
Term
4 factors of Distance in Localization
Definition
Percieved Loudness, direct/reflect ratio, high frequency attenuation, time delay
Term
Arrival Angle is the _______ difference between ears
Definition
Inter Aural
Term
The louder the sound is, the closer it seems. This is the _____ factor of Distance 
Definition
percieved loudness
Term
In Distance, the _______ ratio is a way to localize by listening for the amount of reflection. 
Definition
direct/reflect. (direct=closer, reflect=further)
Term
The more top end removed from a signal the further away it seems. In localization through distance, this refers to _____________ attenuation
Definition
High Frequency
Term
The more natural delay from a signal, the closer it seems. T or F
Definition
False. For localization through distance, the more Time Delay in a signal, the farther away it most like is. 
Term
3 factors of Inter Aural Differences
Definition
Intensity Difference, Spectral Difference, Time Difference
Term
Intensity Difference
Definition
Level difference between ears
Term
Spectral Difference
Definition
Frequency Difference. When there is equal loudness butthere is a difference in percieved frequency, that noise is probably behind us. 
Term
Time Difference
Definition
The difference between arrival of signal between ears. 
Term
The mic'ing techinque when capsules are always as close to eachother as possible without touching
Definition
Coincident pair. Think of it as the actual definition of "coincident"- Occuring together in space and time.
Term
Near Coincident Mic'ing
Definition
(mixed array). Capsules are in the same vicinity but do not share the same axis. 
Term
Mic'ing technique where the capsules are spread 2-10 feet or more on either side of the center line.
Definition
Spaced Pair
Term
Coincident Mic'ing technique that requires a matched pair of cardiod condensors. 
Definition
XY. 90° right angle between mics. You can use pencial condensors OR large diaphragm. Mono Compatible- No need to pan. 
Term
Coincident Technique that involves a cardiod condensor and one figure 8
Definition
Middle-Side (M-S). Requires Mix Matrix. 
Term
Blumlein is a _______ coincident pair of two __________ mics. 
Definition
Crossed, figure 8 mics. Great for large live stage/audience respones. 
Term
_________ is the near coincident French technique that requires a matched pair of ________
Definition
O.R.T.F, (Office de Radio Television Francois), Cardiod Condensors. Opposite of XY. Space between capsules is 7 inches, angle @ 110°. 
Term
______ is the near coincident Netherlandish Technique, using matched cardiod __________. 
Definition
N.O.S (Netherlande Ompreomp Stiching), pencil consendors. 12 inches between caps, Right angle. 
Term
O.S.S stands for ________. It was invented by _______ circa _____. 
Definition
Optimal Stereo Signal, Jerg Jecklin, mid 80s. Requires matched pair of omni condensors. Near Coincident.
Term
The O.S.S technique involves a piece of fleece called the _______ in between two omni condensors.
Definition
Jecklin Disk. This was originally conducted with a 12" record covered in lambs fleece. The fleece filters certain frequencies betweens mics as an ear does. 
Term
This Mixed Array (near coincident) technique uses a baffle and requires a matched pair of PZMs
Definition
Clara (Sass). Great for chamber reverb. 
Term
AB= ______ Pair
Definition
Spaced. 2-10ft on either side of the center line. It's used as an easy way to get a great, wide washy sound. 
Term
Faulker AB
Definition
Uses two matched figure 8 condensors 8 inches apart. 
Term
Decca Tree utilizes how many mics and what kind? What perspective does it replicate? What effect is used?
Definition
3 (+however many rigger mics). 2 omni mics (L,R) and 1 omni mic in the center. Rigger mics are spot mics fo rlow level solo instruments. This replicated the conductor's point of view. Delay is used.
Term
Dummy Head is a ________ Technique, fitted with _____ mics in the ears.
Definition
Binaural. Omni. Same proportions as an average human head, used for reproduction in headphones. 
Term
Phase cancellation occers when
Definition
two mics on the same instrument are different distances apart. 
Term
A phase flip is how many degrees?
Definition
180°
Term
What techniques are good for mono?
Definition
Anything coincident
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