Term
| Penicillin (G, VK, benzathine) |
|
Definition
| viridans group strep, Strep pysogenes, oral anaerobes, syphilis, leptospira |
|
|
Term
| Amoxicillin and ampicillin |
|
Definition
| viridans group strep, Strep pysogenes, oral anaerobes, syphilis, leptospira, E. coli, lyme disease, gram-negative bacilli |
|
|
Term
| Most accurate test for infectious disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| h. influenzae, e. coli. listeria, proteus, salmonella (HELPS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| otitis media, dental infection, endocarditis prophylaxis, lyme disease, UTI in pregnant women, listeria monocytogenes, enterococcal infections |
|
|
Term
| penicillinase-resistant pencicilins |
|
Definition
| oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin infections (cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas), endocarditis, meningitis, bacteremia from staph, osteomyelitis and septic artrhitis (only if org. sensitive) |
|
|
Term
| piperacillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin (coverage and first line) |
|
Definition
cover gram-negative bacilli and pseudomonads
first line for cholecystitis, ascending cholangitis, pyelonephritis, bactermia, HA-pna, VA-pna, neutropenic fever |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporin that covers MRSA |
|
Definition
| ceftaroline (unique among cephalosporins) |
|
|
Term
| what bugs do every cephalosporin cover |
|
Definition
| group A/B/C strep, viridians strep, E. coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis |
|
|
Term
| what bugs are resistant to cephalosporings |
|
Definition
| listeria, MRSA, enteroccocus (resistant to what class) |
|
|
Term
| first gen cephalosporins members |
|
Definition
| cefazolin, cephalexin, cephradrine, cefadroxyl |
|
|
Term
| first gen cephalosporins treat what |
|
Definition
| MSSA, streptococcus, E. coli, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| second gen cephalosporin members |
|
Definition
| ceftetan, cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefprozil, cefuroxime, loracarbef |
|
|
Term
| second gen cephalosporin treat what |
|
Definition
| MSSA, streptococcus, more GNRs, more anaerobes, PID and respiratory infections (bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis) |
|
|
Term
| cephalosporins that cover anaerobes |
|
Definition
| cefotetan and cefoxitin (2nd gen) |
|
|
Term
| best initial therapy for PID |
|
Definition
| cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| third gen cephalosporin members |
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first line for pneumococcus; meningitis, CA-pna (with a macrolide), gonorrhea, lyme disease that involves heart or brain |
|
|
Term
| contraindication to ceftriaxone |
|
Definition
| neonates (b/c impaired biliary metabolism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior to ceftriaxone for neonates, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin with pseudomonal coverage |
|
|
Term
| fourth gen cephalosporing members |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| better staph coverage, neutropenic fever, VA-pna |
|
|
Term
| fifth generation cephalosporin members |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MRSA, GNRs, NOT PSEUDOMONAS |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of cefoxitin and cefotetan |
|
Definition
| deplete prothrombin and increse bleeding risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carbapenem coverage (generally) |
|
Definition
| GNR, anaerobes, streptococci, staphylococci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only GNRs, no cross reaction with penicillins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin |
|
|
Term
| fluroquinolones treat what |
|
Definition
| best therapy for CA-pna, GNRs, most pseudomonads, cystitis, pyelonephritis, diverticulitis and GI infections (with/without MNZ) |
|
|
Term
| ciprofloxacin treats what |
|
Definition
| cystitis and pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat diverticulitis and GI infections without help of MNZ because it has anaerobic coverage |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of quinolones |
|
Definition
| bone growth abnormalities in kids and pregnancy, tendonitis and Achilles rupture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin |
|
|
Term
| aminoglycosides treat what |
|
Definition
| GNRs of bowel/urine/bactermia, enterococci and staphylococci (synergistic with beta-lactams) |
|
|
Term
| aminoglycosides can't treat what |
|
Definition
| anaerobes becuase they need oxygen to work |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chlamydia, lyme disease (rash, joint, CN VII), rickettsia, MRSA of skin/soft tissue, primary and secondary syphilis (in penicillin allergy), borrelia, ehrlichia, mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| doxycycline adverse effects |
|
Definition
| tooth discoloration (kids), fanconi syndrome (type II RTA), photosensitivity, esophagitis/ulcer |
|
|
Term
| nitrofurantoin indication |
|
Definition
| cystitis, esp. in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cysitis, pneumocysitis pneumonia tx and ppx, MRSA of skin/soft tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rash, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, bone marrow suppression |
|
|
Term
| first choice for mouth and GI abscess |
|
Definition
| beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combinations |
|
|
Term
| beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combinations |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sublactam, ticarcilin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vancomycin, linzeolid, daptomycin, tigecyclin, ceftaroline, telavancin |
|
|
Term
| 1st line therapies for GPCs |
|
Definition
| oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, first gen ceph (cefazolin, cephalexin), fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| third line therapy because less effective and more toxic |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of linezolid |
|
Definition
| reversible bone marrow toxicity |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of daptomycin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minor infection MRSA treatments |
|
Definition
| TMP-SMX, doxycycline, clindamycin, linezolid |
|
|
Term
| anaerobes above the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| penicillin (G, VK, ampicillin, amoxicillin) and clindamycin |
|
|
Term
| anaerobes below the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| metronidazole, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bowel (peritonitis, diverticulitis), urinary tract (pyelonephritis), liver (cholecystitis, cholangitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, piperacillin, ticarcillin, aztreonam, cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| other agents that cover anaerobes |
|
Definition
| piperacillin, carbapenems, second gen cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Most likely Diagnosis: stiff neck, photophobia, meningismus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: confusion (+infectious signs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: focal neuorologic findings (+ infectious signs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis + AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis + hiker + target rash + joint pain + facial palsy +/- tick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis + hiker + rash (extremities to trunk) + tick |
|
Definition
| rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia) |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis + pulmonary nodule/lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis - other clues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningitis + adolescent + petechial rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meningitis most common organisms |
|
Definition
Strep pneumo 60%
Neisseria m 15%
group B strep 14%
H. flu 7%
Listeria 2% |
|
|
Term
| best initial test in meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test in meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF: thousands of cells, mostly neutrophils, elevated protein, decreased glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF stain and culture sensitivity for bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
stain: 50-70%
culture: 90% |
|
|
Term
| CSF: 10-100s cells, mostly lymphocytes, normal-high protein, normal-low glucose, stain and culture negative |
|
Definition
| cryptococcus, lyme or rickettsia meningitis |
|
|
Term
| CSF: 10-100s cells, mostly lymphocytes, very high protein, normal-low glucose, negative stain and culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF: 10-100s cells, mostly lymphocytes, normal protein, normal glucose, negative stain and culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| possibility of space-occupying lesion (LP could cause herniation with release of pressure inferior to lesion); start abx anyway before CT or LP (to avoid brain damage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pailledema, seizures, focal neurologic abnormalities, confusion interfering with neurologic exam |
|
|
Term
| bacterial antigen detection (sensitivity and specificity) |
|
Definition
| high specificity, but low sensitivity (50-90% depending on organism) |
|
|
Term
| indication for bacterial antigen tests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for TB meningitis |
|
Definition
| acid fast stain and culture on 3 high volume lumbar puncture samples that have been centrifuged |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for lyme and rickettsia meningitis |
|
Definition
| serologic tests, ELISA, western blot, PCR |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for cryptococcus meningitis |
|
Definition
antigen 95% sensitive and specific
culture 100% specific
(india ink 60-70% sensitive) |
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment for bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
ceftriaxone, vancomycin and steroids
based on cell count (over glucose and protein which are less specific) |
|
|
Term
| false negative rate of gram stains on CSF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment for bacterial meningitis in immunocompromised host |
|
Definition
ceftriaxone, vancomycin, ampicillin, and steroids
(amp is for listeria) |
|
|
Term
| benefit of steroids in meningitis |
|
Definition
| decrease mortality in strep pneumonia caused meningitis only |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for listerial meningitis |
|
Definition
| elderly, neonates, steroid use, AIDS/HIV, immunocompromised, alcoholism, pregnant |
|
|
Term
| management specific for Neisseria meningitis |
|
Definition
| respiratory isolation, rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriaxone to close contacts, +/- treat healthcare workers with resp. contamination |
|
|
Term
| most common neurologic deficit of untreated bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of encephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for herpes encephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment for herpes encephalitis |
|
Definition
| acyclovir, then foscarnet if resistant |
|
|
Term
| which is more renal toxic: acyclovir or foscarnet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most sensitive finding for otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indication for tympanocentesis |
|
Definition
| multiple recurrenes of OM, no response to multiple abx in OM |
|
|
Term
| best initial therapy for OM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd line therapy for OM (after amoxicillin failure) |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin/clavulanate, azithromycin, clarithromycin, cefuroxime, loracarbef, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for sinusitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indication for sinus biopsy/aspirate |
|
Definition
| frequent recurrence, no response to empiric therapy |
|
|
Term
| first line treatment for sinusitis |
|
Definition
| amoxicillin/clavulanate, doxcycline, TMP-SMX |
|
|
Term
| when to image for sinusitis |
|
Definition
| when clinical diagnosis is equivocal |
|
|
Term
| pharyngitis >90% sensitivity |
|
Definition
| pain on swallowing, enlarged cervical node, exudate on pharynx, fever, no cough or hoarseness |
|
|
Term
| best initial test for pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to treat pharyngitis |
|
Definition
all clinical signs, but negative rapid test (treat until culture is back)
clinical signs + positive rapid test |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: pharyngitis + vesicles/ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: pharyngitis + membranous exudates |
|
Definition
| diphtheria, vincent angina, EBV |
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment of pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment of pharyngitis + pencillin allergy |
|
Definition
cephalexin if only rash rxn
clindamycin or macrolide if anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| why treat strep pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: arthralgia/myalgia + cough + fever + HA + sore throat +/- N/V/D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial step for influenza |
|
Definition
| <48hrs from symptom onset, nasopharyngeal swab or wash with rapid Ag detection |
|
|
Term
| best initial treatment of influenza |
|
Definition
<48hr from symptom onset, oseltamivir/zanamivir
>48hr from symptom onset, symptomatic tx |
|
|
Term
| DDx of infectious diarrhea with blood and WBCs in stools |
|
Definition
| salmonella, campylobacter, e. coli O157:H7, shigella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, yersinia, c. difficile |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + poultry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + no other clues |
|
Definition
| camplyobacter (most common cause) |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + renal injury |
|
Definition
| shigella (2nd most common cause of blood and WBC in stool) |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + shellfish + cruise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diangosis: blood and WBC in stool + shellfish + liver disease hx + skin manifestations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + hemochromatosis or blood transfusions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: blood and WBC in stool + recent broad spectrum abx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial test for infectious diarrhea |
|
Definition
stool lactoferrin (better sens and spec than leukocytes)
test for blood and leukocytes in stool |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for infectious diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ddx for infectious diarrhea without blood or WBC |
|
Definition
| viral, giardia, cryptosporidiosis, bacillus cereus, staphyloccus |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: non bloody diarrhea + no other clues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: nonbloody diarrhea + camping/hiking or unfiltered fresh water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: nonbloody diarrhea + AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test for cryptosportidosis diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: nonbloody diarrhea + vomiting |
|
Definition
| bacillus cereus or staphylococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid onset of wheezing/flushing/rash after eating bad fish |
|
|
Term
| best treatment for scrombroid |
|
Definition
mild: oral fluid replacement
severe: fluid replacement + oral ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| signs of severe infectious diarrhea |
|
Definition
| hypotension, tachycardia, fever, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| treatment of giardia diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of cryptosporidiosis diarrhea |
|
Definition
| treat underlying AIDS + nitazoxanide |
|
|
Term
| treatment of viral diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of b. cerus or staphylococcus diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: jaundice + fever + wt loss + fatigue + dark urine + HSP + N/V + abdominal pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: increased direct bilirubin + increase ALT:AST + increased alk phos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rare complication of acute hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poor prognostic sign in acute hepatitis |
|
Definition
| prothrombin time increased (increased likelihood of fulminant hepatic failure and death) |
|
|
Term
| best initial test for viral hepatitis |
|
Definition
| IgM for acute and IgG for resolution of hepatits A/B/D/E |
|
|
Term
| best test for hepatitis C activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test for response/failure of therapy in HepB and HepC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HepB: surface-Ag positive, e-Ag positive, core-Ab positive, surface-Ab neative |
|
Definition
| acute or chronic infection |
|
|
Term
| HepB: surface-Ag negative, e-Ag negative, core-IgG, surface-Ab postive |
|
Definition
| resolved, old, past infection |
|
|
Term
| HepB: surface-Ag negative, e-Ag negative, core-Ab negative, surface-Ab positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HepB: surface-Ag negative, e-Ag negative, core-IgM then IgG, surface-Ab negative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface antigen (measures actual viral particle level) |
|
|
Term
| monitors HepB replication activity |
|
Definition
| e-Ag, indication for antiviral therapy (if high person will get benefit from treatment) |
|
|
Term
| HepB nontransmissible signal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| measure of infectivity of patient with HepB or HepC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common mode of transmission for HepB worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is more precise for HepB infectivity: e-Ag or HepB viral PCR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for acute hepatitis C |
|
Definition
| interferon, ribavirin, and (boceprevir or telaprevir) --> decreased likelihood of developing chronic HepC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistance of surface ag >6mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entecavir, adefovir, lamivudine, telbivudine, interferon or tenofovir |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of interferon |
|
Definition
| arthraglai/myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, depression, flu-like symptoms |
|
|
Term
| goals of chronic hepatitis B therapy |
|
Definition
| reduce DNA polymerase to undetectable elvels, convert e-Ag positiive patients to e-Ab positive patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrosis positive requires treatment to prevent cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| indications for treatment of HepC |
|
Definition
| elevated PCR-RNA level, fibrosis on liver biopsy |
|
|
Term
| treatment of HepC genotype 1 |
|
Definition
| ledipasvir and sofosbuvir PO x 12wks |
|
|
Term
| treatment of HepC non-genotype 1 |
|
Definition
| sofosbuvir and ribavriin orally |
|
|
Term
| who to test for HepC (regardless) |
|
Definition
| born between 1945 and 1965 |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of ribavirin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: dysuria + urinary frequency + urethral discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: dysuria + urinary frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial test for urethritis |
|
Definition
urethral swab for gram stain
urine for nucleic acid amplification (GC/CT) |
|
|
Term
| urethral gram stain: intracellular gram-negative diplococci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for urethritis |
|
Definition
| urethral culture, DNA probe or nucleic acid ammplification for GC/CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GC/CT, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma |
|
|
Term
| first line therapy for urethritis |
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone and azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: cervical discharge + strawberry cervix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swab for nucleic acid amplification |
|
|
Term
| best initial therapy for cervicitis |
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone and azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: lower abdominal tenderness/pain + fever + cervical motion tenderness + leukocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial test for PID |
|
Definition
| cervical swab for culture/DNA probe/nucleic acid amplification to confirm etiology, guide treatment of partner, more precise treatment of resistant organisms |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for PID |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indication for laparoscopy in PID |
|
Definition
| diagnosis unclear, symptoms persist on therapy, recurrent episodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inpatient: cefoxitin or ceftotena and doxycycline
outpatient: ceftriaxone and doxycycline +/- MNZ |
|
|
Term
| best therapy for PID + penicillin anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
outpatient: levofloxacin and MNZ
inpatient: clindamycin, gentamicin, and doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: painless genital ulcer + inguinal lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: painful genital ulcer + inguinal lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
| chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: genital ulcer + inguinal lymphadenopathy that is tender and supppurative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: vesicles then painful genital ulcer + inguinal lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most specific test for syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial test for syphilis |
|
Definition
| VDRL and RPR (75% senstive in 1* syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| confirmatory test for syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stain and culture on specialized media |
|
|
Term
| best test for lymphogranuloma venereum |
|
Definition
| complement fixation titres in blood, nucleic acid amplification of swab |
|
|
Term
| best initial test for herpes simplex genital ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for herpes simplex genital ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for 1* syphilis |
|
Definition
single IM benzathine penicillin
if penicillin allergic then doxycycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of herpes simplex genital ulcer |
|
Definition
| PO acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir; foscarnet for acyclovir-resistant |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: rash including palms and soles + alopecia areata + mucous patches + condylomata lata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: meningovascular stroke + loss of position and vibritory sense + incontinence + cranial nerve palsy + memory and personality changes + nonreactive but accomodative pupils |
|
Definition
| neurosyphilis, 3* syphilis |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: positive syphilis + loss of position and vibratory sense + incontinence + cranial nerve palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: syphilis positive + nonreactive but accomodative pupil constriction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: remote history of genital ulcer and rash + AR or aortic aneursym |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: remote history of genital ulcer and rash + bone or skin tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensitivity of VDRL and RPR |
|
Definition
1*: 75-85%
2*: 99%
3*: 95% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of false + VDRL or RPR |
|
Definition
| infection, elderly, injection drug use, AIDS, malaria, antiphospholipi syndrome, endocarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one IM pencillin
oral doxycycline if allergic
desensitization if pregnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one IM pencillin
oral doxycyclien if allergic
desensitization if pregnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IV penicillin
desensitize if allergic |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: fever + feeling crappy + newly diagnosed syphilis (+tx) |
|
Definition
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
|
|
Term
| treatment of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
|
Definition
| aspriin and antipyretics, short-lived |
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for condylomata acuminata |
|
Definition
| clinical diagnosis by appearance of the warts (HPV) |
|
|
Term
| treatment of condylomata acuminata |
|
Definition
| cryotherapy, surgery, laser, podophyllin, trichloracetic acid, or imiquimod |
|
|
Term
| pediculosis (crabs) signs |
|
Definition
| hair-bearing areas (axilla, pubis), itching, visible on surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| permethrin or lindane (more toxic, equal efficacy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in web spaces (finger, toes, elbows, genitals) and around nipples and genitals, burrows visible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
permetrin
widespread: ivermectin
severe: repeated dosing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial therapy for pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone, then quinolones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stone, strictures, tumor, BPH, diabetes, foley, neurogenic bladder |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: dysuria + WBC on u/a + suprapubic pain +/- fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best initial test for UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate test for UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best treatment for cystitis |
|
Definition
TMP-SMX if local resistance is low
nitrofurantoin or fosfomycin otherwise 1st line
cefixime |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: dysuria + WBC on u/a + flank pain/CVA tenderness + high fever +/- abdominal pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific treatment of pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
ceftriaxone or ertapenem
ampicillin and gentamicin until cx known
ciprofloxacin (PO for outpatient) |
|
|
Term
| most likely diagnosis: dysuria + perineal pain + tender to DRE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most accurate diagnosis of acute prostatitis |
|
Definition
| urine culture after prostate massage |
|
|
Term
| treatment for acute prostatitis |
|
Definition
ceftriaxone or ertapenem
ampicillin and gentamicin until cx known
ciprofloxacin (PO for outpatient) |
|
|
Term
| treatment for chronic prostatitis |
|
Definition
| ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX for 6-8wks |
|
|
