Term
|
Definition
All are dimorphic, tx fluconazole and itraconazole. Ampho B for systemic infection
Cocci, Histo, Blasto, Paracocci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
Macrophages filled with histo
Bird or bat droppings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
East of the mississippi river and central america
Inflammatory lung dz
Disseminate to skin and bone
Granulomatous nodules
Broad based budding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Southwestern US, California
Pneumonia and meningitis
Dissemiinate to bone and skin
Spherule filled with endospores, arthroconidia in soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latin America
Budding yeast with captains wheel
Disseminates quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malessezia furfur
acids that damage melanocytes causing hypo pigmented or hyper pigmented patches
Occurs in hot humid weather
Spaghetti and meatball
Miconazole or selenium sulfide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thrush, vulvovaginitis (DM), diaper rash, endocarditis (IVD), disseminated, chronic mucocutaneous
Tx: topical azole, fluconazole or capsufungin (oral/esophageal)
Fluconazole, ampho B or capsofungin for systemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Invasive - immunocompromised and those with CGD
Allergic bronchopulmonary - asthma or CF
Aspergillomas - after TB
*branches at Acute angles
Tx: voriconazole and lipid ampho B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis
Encapsulated yeast
Pigeon droppings
Inhalation with hematogenous spread to the meninges
Culture on sabarouds agar, india ink
*soap bubble lesions in brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
Proliferate in the blood vessel walls when there is excess ketones or glucose
Rhonocerebral frontal lobe abscess
HA, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face
90 degree branching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PCP pneumonia
immunosuppression predisposes to dz
Diffuse bilateral CXR appearance
Disc shaped yeast forms on silver stain
Tx: Bactrom, pentamidine, dapsone
Start prophylaxis when CD4 < 200 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sporotrichosis. Dimorphic cigar shaped budding yeast
Typically introduced by a thorn
Nodules along a draining lymphatics
Tx: itraconazole or potassium iodidie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bloating, flatlence, *fatty diarrhea
Cysts in water TM
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Tx: Metronidazole or Tindazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate"
Flask shaped ulcer
Cysts in water TM
Trophozoites with RBCs in the cytoplasm
Tx: metronidazole or iodoqinol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
mild dz in normal people
Cysts in water
Acid fast stain
Nitazoxanide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brain abscesses in HIV
Ring enhancing lesions
congenital Triad - chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Cysts in meat or cat feces
Tx: sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
Swimming in freshwater lakes
Ameobas in spinal fluid
Amphotercin B |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosome brucei, gambiense, rhodesiense |
|
Definition
African sleeping sickness - enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
Tsetse fly, a painful bite
Tx: suramin for blood borne, melarsoprol for cns penetration |
|
|
Term
| P. vivax, ovale, falciprum, malariae |
|
Definition
Malaria - fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly
Vivax/ovale - 48 hr cycle, hynozoite in liver
Falciprum - severe, irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occulde cappillaries in brain, kidneys, lung
Malariae - 72 hr cycle
TM- anopheles mosquito
Blood smear - trophoziote form (RBC with schizonts)
Tx: Chloroquine, use mefloquine, quinidine (not for G6pd)
Primaquine for hyponoziote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Babesiosis- fever and hemolytic anemia
Northeaster US, asplenia, increased risk of severe disease
Ixodes tick (same as lyme dz)
Blood smear, ring form
*Maltese cross
Tx: Atovaquone and azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chagas dz - dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus (south america)
Reduviid bug - kissing bug (painless)
Nifurtimox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Visceral leishmaniasis - spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancyotpenia
TM - sandfly
Macrophages containing amastigotes
Sodium stibogluconate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foul smelling, greenish discharge, itching a burning
Sexual contact TM
Trophoziotes, motile on wet mount
Tx: metronidazole patient and partner |
|
|
Term
| Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) |
|
Definition
Fecal Oral TM
Intestinal infection causes anal pruritis
Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate |
|
|
Term
| Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) |
|
Definition
fecal oral; eggs visible in feces
intestinal infection, into the lungs via the veins
Bendazoles, or PP |
|
|
Term
| Stronglyoides stercoralis |
|
Definition
Larvae in soil penetrate the skin
Intestinal infection causing N, V and anemia
Ivermectin or albendazole |
|
|
Term
| Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus (hookworms) |
|
Definition
Larvae penetrate the skin
Intestinal infection causing anemia
bendazoles or PP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Drinking water
Skin inflammation and ulceration
Slow extraction of worm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Female blackfly bite
Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness, black skin nodules
Ivermectin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
Swelling in skin, worm in the conjunctiva
Diethylcarbamazine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Larvae in undercooked pork
Intestinal infection
*neurocysticercosis
TM- Praziquantel, bedazzles for neuro |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Vit B12 deficiency
Praziquantel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Cysts in liver causing anaphylaxis of antigens released
Bendazoles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Snails are host, cercariae penetrate skin of humans
Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation
Chronic infection with S. haematobium can lead to SCC of bladder
Tx: Praziquantel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Undercooked fish
Biliary tract infection - pigmented gallstones
Assoc with cholangiocarcinoma
Tx: Praziqunatel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Undercooked crab meat
Lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infection with hemoptysis
Tx: Praziquantel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Induce humoral and cell mediated immunity
Smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, sabins polio virus, MMR, influenza (intranasal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All DNA viruses are DS except for the parvoviridae
All are linear except papilloma - polyoma and hepadnaviruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All are single stranded except Reoviridae
Pos stranded: Retroviruses, toa, flavivirus, corona virus, hepevirus, calcivirus, picornavirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except poxvirus
All RNA replicated in the cytoplasm except influenza and retroviruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pappillomavirus, adenovirus, picornavirus, polyomavirus, calcivirus, parvovirus, reovirus, hepevirus
"Give PAPP smears and CPR to the naked hippy" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sore throat, hemorrhagic cystitis, penumonia, conjunctivitis
Pink eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Single stranded
B19- aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients
*slapped cheeks appearance in kids
Fifth disease - erythema infectiosum
Hydrops fetalis, rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
JC - progressice multifocal leukoencphalopathy
BK - transplant patients, targets the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smallpox
Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis
*Temporal lobe encephalitis
Latent in the trigeminal ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Herpes genitalias
Latent in the sacral ganglia
Multiple painful vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chicken pox, shingles, encephalitis, pnuemonia
Latent in the dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infecitous mono, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
Latent in B cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Congenital infection, mononucleosis (negative monospot)
Pneumonia, retinitis,
"Owls eye inclusion" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roseola- high fevers for several days tha can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV pts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PCR is test of choice, Can also use Tzank test
Cowdry A inclusions - Infected cells have intranuclear inclusions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mononucleosis
Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy
Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are not infected B cells but reactive T cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Double stranded
Coltivirus - colorado tick fever
*Rotavirus - Top cause of fatal diarrhea in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poliovirus
Echovirus - aseptic meningitis
Rhinovirus - common cold
Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV- acute viral hepatitis
PERCH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Norovirus- viral gastroenteritis (cruise ships) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HCV
Yellow fever
Dengue,
St Louis encephalitis
West Nile Virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rubella
Eastern and Western Equine virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HTLV - T cell leukemia
HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coronavirus - common cold and SARS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parainfluenza - croup
RSV - bronchiolitis in babies
Measles, Mumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Circular genome
LCMV- lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circular
California encephalitis
Sandfly rift valley fever
Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative stranded viruses |
|
Definition
Arenavirus, bunyavirus, paramyxovirus, orthomyxovirus, filovirus, rhabdovirus
"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Picornavirus
Common cold
Destroyed by stomach acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flavivirus
TM aedes mosquito
Virus has a monkey or human reservoir
*High fever, black vomitus, jaundice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Most important cause of infantile gastroenteritis
Common cause of acute diarrhea during the winter months
Villous destruction with atrophy, leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most prevalent mosquito borne viral dz worldwide
"break bone fever" - mm, joint pain, HA, retroorbital pain
Hemorrhagic fever
*Tournequet test - petechiae=pos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Orthomyxovirus
Hemagluttinin and neuraminidase
Patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause pandemics - reassortment of the viral genome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Togavirus, German Measeles
Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias
Fine truncal rash that starts at the head and moves down
Serious congenital disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Croup- seal like barking cough, mumps, measles
RSV- causes a respiratory tract infection in infants
All contain F protein which causes resp cells to fuse and form multinucleate cells
*Tx: palivizumab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paramyxovirus
Koplik spots and descending maculopapular rash
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the future
Encephalitis and giant cell pneumonia
*cough, coryza, conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A paramyxovirus
Parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis
Can cause sterility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bullet shaped, negri bodies in neurons
Purkinje cells of the cerebellum
Post exposure tx is wound cleansing and vaccine with/without rabies immune globulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acts as a reverse transcriptase. Gets into the genome, acts as an oncogene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Env gp120 and gp41
120- attachment to host CD4 T cell
41- fusion and entry
gag (p24) - capsid protein
pol - reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
Virus binds CCR5 early or CXCR4 late
Binds CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ELISA, Western blot
Aids = <200 CD4
Anti-gp120 crosses the placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Histoplasma capsulatum - low grade fevers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer
oval yeasts in macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluffy white cottage cheese lesions - C albicans
Superficial vascular proliferation - Bartonella heneselae (bacillary angiomatosis) - Neutrophilic inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic watery diarrhea - Cryptosporidium
acid fast cysts seen in stool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Encephalopathy - JC virus reactivation
Abscess- Toxo, ring enhancing lesions
Meningitis - Cryptococcus, india ink stain
Retinitis - CMV, cotton wool spots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kaposi sarcoma - HHV-8 (lymphocyte)
Hairy Leukoplakia - EBV
Non hodgkin lymphoma - EBV, Waldeyer ring
Squamous cell carcinoma - HPV, often in anus
Primary CNS lymphoma - EBV, focal or multiple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intersitital pnuemonia - CMV, owls eye cells
Invasive aspergillosis - Aspergillus
Pneumonia - pneumocystis jirovecci
Tuberculosis disease - MAC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disease caused by the conversion of normal protein to B pleated form
PrPsc resists degredation and facilitates conversion of still more proteins |
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|
