Term
| Bacteria with weird cell walls |
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Definition
Mycoplasma - sterols, no cell wall
Mycobacteria - mycolic acid, high lipid content |
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Term
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Definition
Treponema- too thin
Rickettsia - intracellular
Mycobacteria - high lipid content
Mycoplasma - no cell wall
Legionella pneumophila - intracellular
Chlamydia - intracellular |
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Term
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Definition
Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, plasmodium
"Certain bugs really try my patience" |
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Term
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Definition
| Tropheryma whippeli - stains glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
Acid fast growing organism
Nocardia, Mycobacterium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fungi, Legionella, H Pylori |
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Term
Special Cultures
Chocolate Agar
Tellurite plate
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
MacConkeys Agar
Charcoal yeast
Sabourads agar |
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Definition
CA- H flu
TP- C diptheriae
LJ- Mycobacterium TB
McC- lactose fermenters (E coli also turns EMB green)
Char- Legionella (needs cysteine and iron)
SA- Fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| Nocardia, Pseudomonas, MTB |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
"If you can't breath, call a CAB" |
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Term
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Definition
Rickettsia, Chlamydia (two are obligate intracellular)
Salmonella, neisseria, Brucella, mycobacteria, listeria, fransciella, legionella, yersinia pestis |
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Term
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Definition
S Pneumo, H flu, N Meninigitidis, E coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, GBS
Issue in asplenia, need to give vaccines (sickle cell) |
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Term
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Definition
Degrades H2O2 before it can be used in CGD
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E coli, S aureus, Serratia
"Ask CandE for a psudo list of Serious Stores" |
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Term
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Definition
Binds FC region of Ig
Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis
S. Aureus |
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Term
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Definition
Cleaves IgA.
S. pneumo, H flu, Neisseria
Helps to colonize the resp flora |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Diptheriae toxin
Inactivate EF2
Pharyngitis |
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Term
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Definition
Exotoxin A
Blocks EF2
Host cell death |
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Term
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Definition
Shiga Toxin
Inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
Dysentary, enhances cytokines causing HUS |
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Term
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Definition
Shiga like toxin
Inactivates 60S ribosome by removing an adenine from rRNA
Enhances cytokine release causing HUS
*does not invade host cells (unlike shigella) |
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Term
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Definition
Heat Labile toxin - increase cAMP, increases Cl secretion
Heat stable toxin - increase cGMP, dec NaCl resorption
Leads to watery diarrhea
*Labile in the air (cAMP), stable on the ground (cGMP) |
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Term
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Definition
Edema factor
Mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme, increases cAMP
Black eschar with edematous center |
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Term
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Definition
Cholera toxin
Permanently activates Gs leading to increased cAMP, increased Cl secretion
Rice water diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Pertussis toxin
Disables Gi leading to increased cAMP, impairing phagocytosis
Whooping cough - coughs on exp, whoops on insp |
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Term
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Definition
Tetanospasmin
Inactivates SNARE proteins, blocking NT release
Mm rigidity, lock jaw
Prevents release of GABA and glycine (inhib NT) |
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Term
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Definition
Botulism toxin
Inactivates SNARE proteins, blocking NT release
Floppy baby
Prevents release of Ach (stim NT) |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha toxin
Degrades tissue and cell membranes
Degredation of PLC > Gas grangrene and hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Streptolysin O
Protein that degrades cell membrane
lyses RBCs, contributes to B hemolysis
Host Abs against Toxin (ASO) used to dx Rheumatic Fever
Exotoxin A
MHC2 and TCR binding to release IFN-g, IL-2 > shock
Toxic Shock Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
TSST-1
MHC2 and TCR binding to release IFN-g, IL-2 > shock
Toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning |
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Term
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Definition
Activates Macrophages (IL1, TNF, NO)
Lead to fever, hypotension and fever, and hypotension
Activates complement (C3a, C5a)
Hypotension and edema, Neutrophil chemotaxis
Activates tissue factor
Coagulation cascade > DIC |
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Term
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Definition
R- Staph saprophyticus
S- Staph epidermidis |
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Term
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Definition
R- Strep viridans
S- strep pneumoniae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Staphy aureus
Strep pyogens
Strep agalactiae
Listeris monocytogenes |
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Term
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Definition
GP cocci in clusters
Protein A binds Fc Ig blocking complement fixation and phagocytosis
Scalded skin syndrome - TSST
Rapid onset food poisoning - enterotoxins |
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Term
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Definition
Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis
Lancet shaped diplococci, encapslated
IgA protease
*Rusty sputum, sepsis in sickle cell and splenectomy |
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Term
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Definition
A-hemolytic
Normal flora of the oropharynx
Dental caries - S mutans
Subacute bacterial endocarditis - S sanguis
Resistant to optochin |
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Term
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Definition
Pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
Scarlet fever, TSS, necrotizing fasciitis
Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Bacitracin sensitive, ASO titers = acute infection |
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Term
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Definition
Joints - polyarthritis
heart- carditis
nodules - subcutaneous
Erythema marginatum
Syndeham Chorea |
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Term
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Definition
Bacitracin R, B hemolytic
Pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis in babies
CAMP factor - enlarges the area of hemolysis by S aurues
Hippurate test pos |
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Term
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Definition
normal colonic flora
penicillin G resistant
Cause UTI, biliary tract infections and sub acute endocarditis
Can grow in 6.5 NaCl and bile |
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Term
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Definition
Colonizes the gut
Bacteremia and subacute endocarditits
*check for colon cancer |
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Term
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Definition
Exotoxin endoded by B prophage
Inhibits EF-2 via ADP ribosylation (also pseudomonas)
Membrane formation, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, arrythmias
GP rods blue and red granules
Black on tellurite agar |
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Term
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Definition
B antracis
C perfringens
C tetani
B cereus
C botulinum
Coxiella burnetti |
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Term
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Definition
Tetanus toxin - protease that cleaves releasing proteins for NTs
Blocks glycine and GABA release from Renshaw Cells in spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
Heat labile toxin that inhibits Ach release
Floppy Baby syndrome - In honey |
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Term
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Definition
Produces a-toxin
Causes myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Toxin A- binds brush border of gut
Toxin B - cytotoxin destroys the cytoskeletal structure of cells
Causes pseudomembranous colitis
Tx: metronidazole or oral vanc |
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Term
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Definition
GP spore forming rod that produces anthrax toxin
Only bacteria with a polypeptide capsule
Cutaneous or pulmonary antrhax
Lethal factor and edema factor |
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Term
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Definition
Food poisoning from warm rice
N/V within 5 hours
Toxin = cereulide |
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Term
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Definition
Intracellular microbe
milk, cheese and deli meats
Vaginal transmission
*actin rockets and tumbling motility
Cause amnionitis, septicemia, spontaneous abortion, infantiseptica, meningitis.
Mild gastroenteritis in healthy people
Tx: ampicillin in neonates |
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Term
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Definition
GP anaerobe, normal oral flora
Oral facial abscesses that drain through the sinus tracts, forms yellow sulfur granules
Tx: penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
GP aerobe, acid fast
Found in soil
Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised and cutaneous infections after trauma in immunocompetent |
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Term
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Definition
Primary- Hilar nodes, Ghon focus
Seondary- Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion |
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Term
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Definition
M kansasii- pulm TB like symptoms
M. avium - intraceullular disseminated non TB disase in AIDS; prophylax with Azithromycin
Cord factor in virulent strainks inhibits macrophage maturation and induces release of TNF-a |
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Term
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Definition
Acid fast, likes cool temps
Infects skin and superficial nerves -glove and stocking
Resevoir is armadillos
Lepromatous- diffusely over skin, communicable, Th2 response
Tuberculoid- limited to few hypo esthetic hairless skin plaques, TH1 response
Tx: Dapsone, Rifampin for tuberculoid
add clofazimine for lepromatous |
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Term
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Definition
| Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E coli, Enterobacter and Serratia |
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Term
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Definition
GN dipplococci, glucose fermenter
IgA protease
Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, PID, FitzHugh-Curtis syndrome
Tx: ceftriaxone |
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Term
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Definition
Polysaccharide capsule, maltose fermenter, vaccine
Resp and oral secretions transmission
Meningitis and Waterhouse-freidrichson syndrome
Rifampin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone pro in close contacts
Tx: ceftriaxone or penicillin G |
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Term
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Definition
Epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media and pneumonia
Prod IgA protease
Culture on choc agar requires factors 5 and 10
Tx meningitis with ceftriaxone, rifampin prophylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
Legionnaires dz- severe pneumonia, fever, GI and CNS symptoms
Pontiac fever- mild flu like symptoms
GN rod stains poorly
Use silver stain, grow on charcoal
Tx macrolide or quinolone |
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Term
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Definition
wound and burn infections
Pneumonia in CF
Sepsis (black lesions on skin, external otitis (swimmers ear)
UTI, drug use and diabetic osteomyelitis and hot tub folliculitis
Pyocyanin pigment
Endotoxin and exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2)
Tx: aminoglycosides |
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Term
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Definition
Microbes invade the intestinal mucous
necrosis and inflammation
Similar to Shigella |
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Term
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Definition
Traveler diarrhea
No inflammation or invasion |
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Term
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Definition
No toxin produced, adheres to apical surface, flattens villi
Diarrhea in children |
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Term
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Definition
O157:H7
Shiga-like toxin
HUS- anemia, thrombocytopenia and ARF
Bloody diarrhea
Does not ferment sorbitol |
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Term
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Definition
Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
*red current jelly sputum
Nosocomial UTIs |
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Term
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Definition
Flagella, can disseminate hematogenously
Prod hydrogen sulfide
*Avoid antibiotics
*osteomyelitis in SC pts
Invades intestinal mucousa and causes a monocytic response |
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Term
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Definition
Cell to cell transmission
Abx shorten excretion time
Invades intestinal mucous, PMN infiltration
Bloody diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Causes typhoid fever. Rose spots on the abdomen, fever, HA, diarrhea
Can remain in the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
Bloody diarrhea
Fecal oral tm
Poultry, meat,milk
Comma shaped, oxidase pos
Guillan Barre, reactive arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
rice water diarrhea
toxin permanently activates Gs
Comma shaped, ox pos
Prompt oral rehydration therapy necesary |
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Term
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Definition
Pet feces, milk or pork
Mesenteric adenitis that can mimic chrons
Child playing with a puppy |
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Term
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Definition
Gastritis and up to 90% duodenal ulcers
gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma
Curved GN rod
Urease pos
PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin or metronidazole |
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Term
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Definition
Borrellia, Leptospira and treponema
Use Wright or giemsa stain |
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Term
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Definition
Borrellia burgdorferi
TM by ixodes tick
Resevoire is the mouse
1. Erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye)
2. neurologic (facial nerve palsy) and AV node block
3. polyarthritis and cutaneous manifestations |
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Term
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Definition
Localized dz presenting with a painless ulcer
Screen with VDRL and confirm withFTA-abs |
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Term
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Definition
| Rash on the palms and soles and condyloma lata. Systemic dz |
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Term
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Definition
Gummas, aortitis - vasa vasorum destruction
Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)
Argyll-Roberston pupil
Test spinal fluid with VDRL |
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Term
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Definition
| Saber shins, saddle nose, CN 8 deafness, Hutchinsons teeth, mulberry molars |
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Term
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Definition
| Mono, hepatitis, rheumatic fever, lupus and leprosy |
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Term
| Jarisch Herxheimer reaction |
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Definition
| Flu like syndrome immediately after antibiotics are started - due to killed bacteria releasing pyrogens |
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Term
Zoonotic Bacteria
Bartonella
Borrellia burgdorferi
Borellia recurrentis
Brucella |
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Definition
cat scratch dz
lyme dz
Recurrent fever from louse
Brucellosis, undulent fever from dairy |
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Term
Ehrlichia chaffiensis
Leptospira
Pasteurella multocida
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi |
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Definition
lone star tick
Leptospirosis - animal urine
Cellulitis, osteomyelitis - animal bite
epidemic typhus - louse
endemic typhus - fleas |
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Term
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Definition
Pelomorphic Gram variable rod that causes vaginosis presenting as grey vaginal dc with fishy smell
Assoc sexual activity, not an STD
Clue cells
Tx: metronidazole |
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Term
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Definition
Intestinal flora that causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated
*red current jelly sputum
Nosocomial UTIs |
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Term
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Definition
Flagella, can disseminate hematogenously
Prod hydrogen sulfide
*Avoid antibiotics
*osteomyelitis in SC pts
Invades intestinal mucousa and causes a monocytic response |
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Term
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Definition
Cell to cell transmission
Abx shorten excretion time
Invades intestinal mucous, PMN infiltration
Bloody diarrhea |
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Term
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Definition
Rickettsia Rickettsiae
Rash starts at wrists and ankles and spreads to trunk
HA, fever, rash |
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Term
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Definition
Endemic- typhi
Epidemic - prowazekii - rash starts centrally and spreads out, sparing palms and soles |
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Term
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Definition
Hand foot and mouth dz
Rash on palms and soles |
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Term
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Definition
| Monocytes with berry like inclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| Granulocytes with morula in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
Coxiella burnetti presents as pneumonia
No rash or vector |
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Term
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Definition
Obligate intracellular organism
Elementary body is infections and enters through endocytosis
Reticulat body replicates in cell by fission
Trachomatis- reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, PID
pneumoniae and psittaci- atypical pneumonia
Tx: azithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
Walking pneumonia
HA, non productive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate
High titer of cold agglutinins
Tx: macrolide or fluoroquinolones
Often in patients <30, prisons, military camps |
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