Term
| Epidermis layers from outside in |
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Definition
California Likes Girls in String Bikinis
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis |
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Term
What proteins make up the zone occuldens?
What is another name for zone occuldens? |
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Definition
Claudins and occludins
Gap Junctions |
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Term
What proteins make up the Zona adherents
What's another name for Zona adherents? |
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Definition
Cadherins connect to actin
Intermediate junctions |
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Term
What proteins make up the Macula adherents?
What's another name for the macula adherents? |
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Definition
Cadherins connect to intermediate filaments (keratin) via desmoplakin
Desmosome |
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Term
| What proteins are involved in hemi-desmosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the unhappy triad?
How does it happen? |
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Definition
MCL
ACL
Medial Meniscus tear together
Hit to the knee from the lateral side |
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Term
| What landmark marks the site of a pudendal nerve block? |
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Definition
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Term
Muscles of the rotator cuff
Which one is most commonly injured? |
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Definition
SITS
Supraspinatus - most commonly injured
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Adduct and laterally rotate arm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Medially rotate and adduct arm |
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Term
|
Definition
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium |
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Cervical disk lesion |
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Definition
|
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus |
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Definition
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Dislocation of humerus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Intramuscular injection |
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Definition
|
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Midshaft fracture of the humerus |
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Definition
|
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Improper use of a crutch |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Supracondylar fracture of humerus |
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Definition
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Sulbuxation of radial head |
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Definition
| Deep branch of Radial nerve |
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus |
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Definition
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Compression of forearm |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Carpal tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Dislocated Lunate |
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Definition
|
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Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Fracture hook of the hamate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Trauma to heel of the hand |
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Definition
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|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Laceration at the base of the thumb |
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Definition
| Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral upper half of the arm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lateral lower half of the arm down to the thumb and index finger |
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Term
|
Definition
| Center of wrist down to middle finger |
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Term
|
Definition
| ring finger/pinky area of the hand |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Axillary |
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Definition
Motor: Deltoid can't abduct
Sensory: No feeling over deltoid
Sign: Flattened deltoid |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Radial |
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Definition
Motor: Loss of the BEST (extensors) Brachioradialis, Extensors of wrist/fingers, Supinators, Triceps
Sensory: Loss of sensation on posterior arm and dorsal hand and thumb
Sign: Wrist drop |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Proximal median nerve |
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Definition
Motor: No thumb opposition, no lateral finger flexion, no wrist flexion
Sensory: No feeling on dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers and thenar eminence
Sign: Ape hand, thenar atrophy, hand of benediction |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Distal Median Nerve |
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Definition
Motor: No wrist flexion
Sensory: No feeling on dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 fingers
Sign: Ape hand deformity, ulnar deviation of wrist on flexion |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Proximal Ulnar Nerve |
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Definition
Motor: Loss of medial finger flexion, loss of wrist flexion
Sensory: Loss of sensation of medial 1.5 fingers and hypthenar eminence
Sign: Radial deviation of wrist on flexion |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Distal Ulnar Nerve |
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Definition
Motor: Loss of abduction and adduction of fingers, adduction of thumb, extension of 4th and 5th fingers
Sensory: None
Sign: Claw hand |
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Term
What are the motor/sensory deficits and sign for the following nerve lesion:
Musculocutaneous nerve |
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Definition
Motor: Loss of biceps, brachial is, coracobrachialis (flexion of arm at elbow)
Sensory: Lateral forearm
Sign: No biceps reflex |
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Term
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
Lesion/etiology
Sign |
|
Definition
C5 and C6 roots torn due to surgery or shoulder trauma during birth
Waiter's Tip
Limb hangs at side (no abduction), is medially rotated (no lateral rotation), forearm pronated (no biceps) |
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Term
Klumpke's Palsy
damage
motor findings
sensory findings
other findings |
|
Definition
Damage: congenital defect where cervical rib damages interior trunk of brachial plexus (C8/T1), may compress subclavian artery
Motor: atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar muscles, interossesus muscles
Sensory: sensory deficits on the medial side of the forearm and hand
Other: Lose radial pulse when moving head toward affected side |
|
|
Term
| What do the interossei muscles do? |
|
Definition
DAB PAD
Dorsal Abduct
Palmar Adduct |
|
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Term
| What do the thenar and hypothenar muscles do? |
|
Definition
OAF
Opposition
Abduction
Flexion |
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|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Anterior Hip Dislocation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Pelvic fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Trauma to lateral part of leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Fibula neck fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Knee Trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the nerve that is injured:
Posterior hip dislocation |
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Definition
| Superior and/or Inferior Gluteal |
|
|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Obturator |
|
Definition
Motor: No Thigh Adduction
Sensory: No Medial Thigh |
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|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Femoral |
|
Definition
Motor: No thigh flexion or leg extension
Sensory: No anterior thigh or medial leg |
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|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Common Peroneal |
|
Definition
Motor: PED No foot eversion, dorsiflexion, or toe extension. FOOT DROP, FOOT SLAP, STEPPAGE GAIT. Foot dropPED
Sensory: No anterolateral leg or dorsal foot |
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|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Tibial |
|
Definition
Motor: TIP No foot inversion or plantar flexion, no toe flexion. Can't stand on TIPtoes
Sensory: No sole of foot |
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|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Superior gluteal |
|
Definition
Motor: No thigh abduction (Trendelenburg gait/sign)
Sensory: None |
|
|
Term
Name the motor and sensory deficits for the following nerve:
Inferior Gluteal |
|
Definition
Motor: Can't jump, climb stairs, or rise from seated position, can't push down
Sensory: None |
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Term
Type 1 vs. Type 2
Speed and color |
|
Definition
One Slow Red Ox
Type 1 = slow twitch, red, lots of mitos and myoglobin for OxPhos
Type 2 = fast twitch, white, hypertrophy during weight lifting |
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|
Term
| Endochondral vs. Membranous ossification |
|
Definition
Endochondral = cartilage model made first
Membraneous = straight to woven bone (skull, face, axial skeleton) |
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Term
| Type 1 vs. Type 2 Osteoporosis |
|
Definition
Type 1 = post menopausal, femoral neck and distal radius fractures
Type 2 = men and women >70 |
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|
Term
Osteopetrosis
pathogenesis
findings |
|
Definition
Carbonic anhydrase mutation leads to bad osteoclasts and bad bone resorption
Thick, dense bones that are prone to fracture, Erlenmyer flasks and extra medullary hematopoesis due to pancytopenia from decreased marrow space |
|
|
Term
| Normal Ca, Phosphate, Alk Phos, PTH |
|
Definition
| Osteoporosis or Osteopetrosis |
|
|
Term
Decreased Calcium and Phosphate
Increased PTH and Alk phos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased Calcium, PTH, Alk Phos
Decreased Phosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal Ca, Phosphate, PTH
Increased Alk Phos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polyostic fibrous dysplasia |
|
Definition
| Bone replaced by fibroblasts, collagen and irregular bony trabeculae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple unilateral bone lesions with precocious puberty and cafe-au-lait spots |
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|
Term
Osteoclastoma
epidemiology
location
characteristics |
|
Definition
20-40 year olds
epiphysis
soap bubble
spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
Osteochondroma
epidemiology
location
characteristics |
|
Definition
Men under 25 (most common benign tumor)
Metaphysis (exostosis)
Mature bone with cartilage cap |
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|
Term
Osteosarcoma
epidemiology
location
characteristics |
|
Definition
Men 10-20 years. Paget's, infarcts, radiation, retinoblastoma
Metaphysis
Codman's triangle (periosteal elevation) or Sunburst pattern on X-ray
Poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
Ewing's Sarcoma
epidemiology
location
characteristics |
|
Definition
Men <15 years old
Diaphysis
Anaplastic small blue cells, onion skin bone, 11;22 translocation |
|
|
Term
Chondrosarcoma
epidemiology
location
characteristics |
|
Definition
Men 30-60
Diaphysis
Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity, made of cartilage |
|
|
Term
Eburnation
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Polished ivory like appearance of bone
osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
Heberden's Nodes
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Hard, bony swellings at the DIPs
osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
Bouchard's Nodes
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Hard bony swellings of the PIPs
osteroarthritis |
|
|
Term
Osteophytes
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histology of rheumatoid nodules |
|
Definition
| Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes |
|
|
Term
Baker's Cyst
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Swelling behind the knee
Rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Names of the hand deformities associated with RA |
|
Definition
Boutonniere's
Swan-neck
Z thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry eyes, mouth, nose, vagina
chronic bronchitis
reflux esophagitis |
|
|
Term
| Classic symptoms of Sjorgen's |
|
Definition
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Arthritis
Parotid gland enlargement |
|
|
Term
Describe gout's birefringence
positive or negative
what color on parallel light |
|
Definition
Negatively birfringent
Yellow on parallel light |
|
|
Term
Describe pseudogout's birefringence
positive or negative
color on parallel light |
|
Definition
Positively birefringent
Blue on parallel light |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Trauma
High dose corticosteroids
Alcoholism
Sickle Cell |
|
|
Term
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Epidemiology
signs/symptoms
associations
labs |
|
Definition
>50 years old
pain and stiffness in shoulders/hips, fever, malaise, weight loss
temporal arteritis
elevated ESR |
|
|
Term
Fibromyalgia
epidemiology
signs/symptoms
associations
labs |
|
Definition
Women age 30-50
widespread musculoskeletal pain with stiffness, paraesthesias, poor sleep and fatigue
depression
none |
|
|
Term
Polymyositis
pathogenesis
signs/symptoms
labs |
|
Definition
CD8 injury to myofibers
progressive symmetric muscle weakness (shoulders)
Increased CK, aldolase and positive ANA and anti-Jo-1 |
|
|
Term
Dermatomyositis
pathogenesis
signs/symptoms
labs |
|
Definition
Similar to polymyositis
similar plus malar rash, gottron's papules, heliotrope rash, shawl sign, mechanic's hands
biopsy shows perifasicular atrophy, increased CK, aldolase, ANA and Anti-Jo-1 |
|
|
Term
Gottron's papules
what is it
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Papules over the DIPs
Dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
| What layer is thickened in Hyperkeratosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer is thickened in Acanthosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What distinguishes Parakeratosis from Hyperkeratosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Auspitz Sign
What is it?
What is it associated with? |
|
Definition
Bleeding when scales are scraped off
Psoriasis |
|
|
Term
| Microscopic changes of psoriasis |
|
Definition
Acanthosis and Parakeratosis
Increased Stratum spinosum
Decreased stratum granulosum |
|
|
Term
Leser-Trelat sign
what is it
what is it associated with? |
|
Definition
Sudden appearance of multiple sebhorric keratoses
underlying malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperpigmentation of pregnancy (or OCP use) |
|
|
Term
| Melanocyte numbers in vitiligo and albinism |
|
Definition
Vitiligo = always decreased
Albinism = might be decreased might be normal |
|
|
Term
| Soft, tan colored, cauliflower like lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impetgio from staph aureus or strep pyo |
|
|
Term
| What skin layer is affected in scalded skin syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nikolsky's Sign
what is it
what is it associated with? |
|
Definition
Separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
Pemphigus Vulgaris |
|
|
Term
| Blisters in bullous pemphigoid vs. pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
Bullous: Tense
Vulgairs: Flaccid |
|
|
Term
| Most commonly affected areas in Bullous pemphigoid vs. Pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Definition
Bullous: Skin
Vulgaris: Skin AND oral mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Immunofluoresence in Pemphigus vulgaris vs. bullous pemphigoid |
|
Definition
Bullous: Linear
Vulgaris: Reticular or netlike |
|
|
Term
| Critical microscopic finding in dermatitis herpetiformis |
|
Definition
| IgA deposits at the tips of the dermal papillae |
|
|
Term
Herald patch followed days later by christmas tree distribution
What is it
formal term for lesions
treatment |
|
Definition
Pityriasis Rosea
Multiple papular eruptions
None needed |
|
|
Term
Pruritic, purple, polygonal papules
What is it associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
what is it associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hyperplasia and hyperpigmentation of stratum spinosum
what is it associated with |
|
Definition
Acanthosis nigricans
hyperinsulinemia or visceral malignancy |
|
|
Term
Small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules
What is it associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tumor marker associated with melanoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precursor lesion for melanoma |
|
Definition
Dysplastic nevus
(atypical mole) |
|
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