What keeps, for instance, neuronal stem cells from making blood cells?

a) factors in other stem cell niches circulate to inhibit the "wrong" niche from producing inappropriate cell types

b) factors in the brain "niche" restrict the developmental options for stem cells

c) factors in the blood supply cross the blood brain barrier and inhibit neuronal development

Which of the following takes place in creation of a hiPSC?

a) "sprinkling" on antibodies for transcription factors

b) "sprinkling" on methyl transferases

c) "sprinkling" on digitonin

d) "sprinkling" on four reprogramming transcription factors 

How do researchers associated with the ISCRM mainly tackle problems that require insight form diverse scientific disciplines?

a) By skyping one another as we did in class

b) by grouping into a consortium

c) they ignore the problems and move on

d) hiring more individuals in hope of getting someone that has knowledge in that field

Figure 1 from the review article shows different stem cells in culture. Which statement is supported by this figure's data?

[image]

a) ES are more "potent" than iPS

b) mouse stem cells are more potent, less restricted developmentally than human stem cells

c) ES have a more restricted developmental potential than human ES

What distinguishes multipotency from pluripotency?

a) multipotent cells can become all subtypes of cells within a give lineage, while pluipotent cells can become any cell of the three germ layers

b) multipotent cells can't differentiate into specialized cells

c) pluripotent cells can only become endoderm and ectoderm, while multipotent cells can only become mesoderm

d) they're the same thing

What is the "Gold Standard' for determining if a stem cell is pluripotent?

a) a teratoma assay

b) analyze a blastocyst and look for three germ layers

c) histology

d) a ELISA

Which of these considerations are important when making a cell line from an individual who has a disease you want to study? Select ALL that apply.

a) make sure that the cells have been transformed witha virus, to make them transplantable

b) make sure the induced cell line makes SOX2

c) make sure your cell line has a normal karyotype

d) make sure that the patient has provided informed consent for you to use the cells

b) make sure the induced cell line makes SOX2

c) make sure your cell line has a normal karyotype

d) make sure that the patient has provided informed consent for you to use the cells

Let's say you are going to make a cell line from a patient with a schizophrenia. You obtain neuronal stem cells (with their consent) and want to create an immortal cell line from the.

1. You create a cell line that can undergo unlimited divisions by giving them the ability to make what protein (name just one of many)? 

2. You test that the process of inducing pluripotency did not genetically damage the cells by examining the ____ of the cell line. 

3. You then allow some of the cells to differentiate into neurons and measure this by examining the production of ____. 

1. Sox2, Oct4, KLF1, c-MYC

2. chromosomes, karyotype

3. nestin, neuronal marker, neuron marker, neuronal protein

How do the germ layers indicated relate to the cell types produced?

1. endoderm

2. mesoderm

3. ectoderm

1. lungs

2. blood

3. skin

Which of the following options describes how stem cells can be used for personalized medicine (tailoring treatment to a person's cells)? Select BEST answers only (could be more than one).

a) Doc Lind'as adipose stem cells can be induced to be pluripotent and used to treat conditions that Doc Linda does not suffer from in others

b) Create iPSC and make organoid to test impact of potential drugs

c) collect personal cord stem cells for your baby, could use for transplantation later in life

d) create iPSC and correct defect, then transplant back in

c) collect personal cord stem cells for your baby, could use for transplantation later in life

d) create iPSC and correct defect, then transplant back in