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| An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements during the Renaissance. |
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| A Renaissance writer who wrote "The Prince in examination of human imperfection and good government. |
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| A Flemish painter who used oil-based paints in his works during the Renaissance. |
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| A German woodcutter and engraver during the Renaissance. |
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| A Flemish painter who specialized in detailed paintings of groups of people during the Renaissance. |
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| A German artist who painted portraits that were almost photographic in detail during the Renaissance. |
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| An English writer and Christian Humanist during the Renaissance who wrote "Utopia". |
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| A Christian humanist from Holland during the Renaissance who wrote "The Praise of Folly" in criticism of perceived societal problems. |
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| A German craftsman who developed a printing press utilizing methods from the East to print books with great efficiency. Printed a Bible using movable type. |
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| A religious settlement during the Reformation called by Charles V that said that all of the German Princes could decide the religion of their own states. |
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| Wrote a book called "Institutes of the Christian Religion". A Protestant writer during the Reformation who supported the idea of predestination, the idea that God has always known who will be saved. Ran the city of Geneva as a theocracy. |
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A council called by Pope Paul III during the Catholic Reformation which formalized many of the ideas of the Catholic church, such as:
1)The Church's interpretation of the Bible is final.
2)Christians need faith _and_ good works for salvation.
3)The Church was equally powerful as the Bible.
4)Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. |
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| Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the subcontinent around 300 B.C.E. Ended after Asoka's death. |
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| After slaughtering thousands at the battle of Kalinga, became a devout Buddhist and erected pillars inscribed with new peaceful and populace-serving policies. |
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| The founder of the Mauryan empire, the grandfather of Asoka. Unified all of North India. |
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| The founder of the Gupta Empire on the Asian Subcontinent. Came to power by marrying the daughter of an influential king. |
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| The son of Chandra Gupta I and the second ruler of the Gupta Empire. Expanded the Gupta Empire through conquest. |
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| The third Gupta emperor. Expanded the empire through diplomacy and conquest to the west. |
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| The sect of Buddhism which accepted the more progressive and popularized interpretations of the Buddha's teachings. |
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| Those who followed and strictly adhered to the Buddha's original teachings were members of this sect of Buddhism. |
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| Mounded stone structure built over holy relics for Buddhism. |
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| One of India's greatest writers, whose most famous work is "Shakuntala" about a beautiful girl who weds a middle-aged king. |
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| An idea which was developed in China between the Shang and Zhou dynasties which said that a ruler was given the rule by the gods but that he could lose it. |
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| China's most influential scholar; born during the Zhou dynasty. Developed a moral code for governing life through family relationships: Confucianism. |
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| Respect for one's ancestors and parents; a cornerstone for Confucianism. |
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| The philosophy of Laozi; the belief that true harmony was to be achieved through an understanding and contentment with nature. |
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| The Legalist philosophy taught that a government can only be strong when all citizens are under strict control. |
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| The founder of the Qin dynasty of China; used Legalist ideas to help govern his people and subdue the warring states of the Zhou period. |
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| The first dynasty after the fall of the Han dynasty. Founded by the emperor Wendi, it was a very short dynasty; it only lasted through two emperors. Ended due to revolt because of intense forced labor. |
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| The founder and first emperor of the Sui dynasty. |
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| The largest project of the Sui dynasty to connect the northern and southern regions of China in a vital trade route. Constructed by about a million peasant workers. |
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| The capital of the Tang dynasty. |
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| The prosperous Tang dynasty supported an excellent group of poets who produced beautiful and emotional poems. |
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| A group of highly-educated government officials who passed tests in order to gain their positions. Prevalent in the Han and Tang dynasties. |
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| The capital of the Song dynasty. |
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| A vast belt of dry grassland; the eastern steppe(present day Mongolia) was the first home of the Huns, Turks, and Mongols. |
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| The grandson of Genghis Khan. Completely took over China and started the Yuan dynasty, uniting China for the first time in 3 centuries. |
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| A Venetian trader who traveled to visit and served Kublai Khan for much of his life, and returned with a book on this Mongol emperor. |
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| "supreme general of the emperor's army"; an effective military dictator of Japan |
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| The religion which encompassed all of Japan's early customs and beliefs. |
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| The form of Buddhism which was borrowed from China by Japan and developed into a separate sect by the Japanese. |
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| A temple complex built by the Khmer Empire in Cambodia; one of the world's greatest architectural achievements. |
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| Centered in modern Cambodia; one of the central powers on the Southeast Asian mainland. |
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| A prince of Portugal; founded a school for navigation in Portugal. |
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| An early Portuguese explorer. Sailed for God, glory, and gold. |
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| A treaty between Spain and Portugal which honored the Line of Demarcation, an idea suggested by Pope Alexander VI, which said that all lands to the left of a certain longitude belonged to Spain, and all lands to the right belonged to Portugal. |
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| The first Portuguese explorer to reach India by water; reached the port of Calicut. |
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| A Chinese Muslim admiral who led seven enormous voyages for the Ming dynasty of China. |
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| Powerful warlords in a type of feudalism developed in Japan. |
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| A Jesuit missionary who led the first mission to Japan in an effort to spread Christianity to Japan. |
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| The fellow who wrote our primary source for the African unit; a traveler and historian of the Muslim world. |
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| The first emperor of Mali, who came to power by killing Sumanguru and uniting all of the neighboring states. |
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| A city established by the Shona people which grew into a great empire built on the gold trade. |
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| A water source in the desert; especially important in the Sahara as most trade routes required these water sources to exist. |
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| Arabic and Bantu blended together on the eastern coast of Africa in trade cities. |
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| The members of a group descended from a single common ancestor. |
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| A great city of Mali, only accessible through travel on the Niger river. |
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| Underground ceremonial chamber used for a variety of religious practices by Pueblo peoples. |
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| A system of recording data used by the Inca, consisting of ropes and strings of different colors and lengths and tied into knots. |
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| The final emperor of the Aztec empire. Saw the end of the empire due to his call for increased tribute and sacrifice. |
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| A powerful and ambitious ruler of the Inca Empire, expanded the empire all the way up through the Andes. |
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| Villages of large apartment-style compounds made of stone or adobe; used by the Anasazi and other people of the Four Corners region. |
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| An early gulf coast civilization, greatly influenced the Mayan people culturally. |
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| A predecessor of the Inca civilization in the Andes region; established a tradition of high culture in the area. |
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| Labor tribute for the Inca civilization. |
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