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| A population is a collection of EVERY ENTITY that falls into a category that you are interested in. All of the persons, places, or things ( a.k.a. variables) of interest. |
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| The members of the population you want to study. We gather samples from a population , collect info about the sample, and then generalize back to the population. |
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| How does one use the results of a sample? |
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Definition
| The results from a sample are used to be generalized to the population. |
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| The entire group that you want to learn something about is considered to be your .. ? |
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| Does populations always have to be people ? Des populations always have to be large ? |
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| No and no ; It all depends on what someone wants to learn about, because that determines their population. |
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| Why do we study samples ? |
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Definition
| Because most and some populations are extremely too large to be studying the whole thing. |
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Definition
| A variable is a trait of a population that we want to study. For ex: preferences of voters, mileage of tires, personalities of only children , etc. |
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| What are the following things examples of : preferences of voters, mileage of tires, personalities of only children , etc. ? |
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| when data is collected from the sample and summarized, it is then referred to as what ? |
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| When data is collected from a population and then summarized, then it is referred to as what ? |
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| What are the two types of variables ? |
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Definition
| Qualitative and Quantitative |
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| What is best described as elements or samples f populations about which we are interested in getting data ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative/Attribute Variables |
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Definition
| The characteristic being studied is non-numeric. For ex: gender , religious affiliation, eye color , etc. |
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Term
| The following are examples of what type of variable : gender , religious affiliation, eye color , etc. ? |
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Definition
| Qualitative/Attribute Variable |
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Definition
| Information is reported numerically. For ex: balance in your checking account, minutes remaining in class, or number of children in a family |
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| The following are examples of what type of variable: balance in your checking account, minutes remaining in class, or number of children in a family ? |
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| A variable with a well-defined finite set f possible values, called states. For ex: the number of dimes in a purse, a statement which is either true or false, which party will win the election,etc. |
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Term
| The following are an example of what type of quantitative variable: the number of dimes in a purse, a statement which is either true or false, which party will win the election,etc.? |
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Definition
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| What are the two types of Quantitative Variables ? |
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| A variable that can take on a value between any other two values. For ex: indoors temperature, time spent waiting, water consumed, direction of travel, etc. |
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| The following are examples of which type of Quantitative Variables: indoors temperature, time spent waiting, water consumed, direction of travel, etc.? |
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| In order to collect data on variables we are interested in , then they must be what ? |
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| Data that is classified into categories and cannot be arranged in any particular order. For ex: Gender, Ethnicity |
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| Data arranged in some order or level, but the differences between the levels cannot be determined. For example: Top 10 movies of 2013, Top 5 mystery novels |
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| Data that can be arranged in such a way that a difference between points can be established , though there is no absolute zero. For example: dress size, temperature. |
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Definition
| Interval data that include a natural or absolute zero. For example: Height,Weight , Etc. |
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| Why do we organize data into tables and charts ? |
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Definition
| Because tables and charts give data shape, and shape is the companion of meaning. |
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Definition
| the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns might emerge from the data. No sample is involved here !! You just have all the info you need, and then you analyze from there. |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of statistics that is used to make inferences about the characteristics of a populations based on sample data. The goal is to go beyond the data at hand and make inferences about population parameters. This is what we use when dealing with samples ! |
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Definition
| error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepresentativeness of the sample taken. |
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Term
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Definition
| a result of the process of operationalization and is used to define something (e.g. a variable, term, or object) in terms of a process (or set of validation tests) needed to determine its existence, duration, and quantity. Operationalization is the process of strictly defining variables into measurable factors. |
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Term
| Frequency Distribution Table |
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Definition
| A representation in a tabular format, which displays the number of observations within a given interval. The intervals must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. The columns include the variable, frequency, percent, cumulative frequency, and cumulative percent. |
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| How do we know what to put in the frequency(f) column ? |
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Definition
| You put the exact number of times the specific amount/quantity the variable to the left has has shown up/occured. For ex: let's say the variable x stands for grades made on exam 1. The values down that column would be a,b, c, d, and f. So, if 2 students scored a B, and 5 students scored an A, then you would have those numbers to the right of those letters in the frequency column. |
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