Term
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Definition
| The symbol for level of significance |
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Term
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Definition
The probability of failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Type II Error |
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Term
Alternative Hypothesis
(2) |
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Definition
The hypothesis that the researcher wants to prove or verify
< > ≠ |
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Term
Approximate 2 Sample t-test
(2) |
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Definition
A test for comparing the means of two independent samples where the test statistic has an approximate t distribution.
The formula for computing degrees of freedom is complicated. |
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Term
ANOVA
(Analysis of Variance)
(2) |
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Definition
Used for testing the equality of means using variances
More than two means
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Term
Conditions Necessary for a one-sample t procedure
(2) |
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Definition
Normality of the original population
SRS
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Term
Conditions Necessary for a Two-sample t Procedure
(2) |
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Definition
Normality of both populations
Either SRS or RAT |
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Term
Conditions Necessary for a Matched-pairs t Procedure
(2) |
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Definition
Normality of population of differences
Either SRS or RAT
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Term
Conditions Necessary for ANOVA
(3) |
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Definition
Normality of all populations
Equality of variances
Either SRS or RAT |
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Term
| Conservative 2 Sample t Test |
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Definition
| Used for comparing the means of two independent samples where the degrees of freedom are taken to be the minimum of (n1-1) and (n2-1) |
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Term
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Definition
| What happens to the width of a confidence interval when sample size is increased (or level of confidence is decreased) |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the amount of information available for estimating σ using s |
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Term
Equal Variance
(When is this condition met?) |
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Definition
| This condition is met when the largest standard deviation divided by the smallest standard deviation is less than 2 |
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Term
Estimated Standard Deviation of X-bar
(Standard Error)
(2) |
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Definition
s/√n
Measures variability of a sampling distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Using results about sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters |
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Term
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Definition
| The percent of the time that the confidence interval estimation procedure will give you intervals containing the value of the parameter being estimated. |
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Term
Level of Significance
(α) |
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Definition
The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis (Type I Error).
ART |
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Term
Matched Pairs t Test
Null Hypothesis
(2) |
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Definition
The hypothesis testing method for matched pairs data
H0: μd=0 |
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Term
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Definition
The more analyses performed, the greater the chance of making a Type I error
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Term
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Definition
| The hypothesis of no difference or no change |
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Term
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Definition
The difference between the observed statistic and the claimed parameter value
(x-bar)-μ0 |
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Term
Pooled 2 Sample t Test
Degrees of Freedom
(2) |
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Definition
A test for comparing the means of two independent samples where the test statistic has an exact t distribution
Degrees of freedom=n1+n2-2 |
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Term
Power
How do you increase power?
(3) |
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Definition
The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis
1-β
Increase power by increasing sample size |
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Term
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Definition
| The probability of getting a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the valued observed assuming H0 is true |
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Term
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Definition
The confidence level or P-value does not change very much if the conditions for use are not met
. |
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Term
| Standard Deviation of X-bar |
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Definition
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Term
Standard Error of a Statistic
Name an Example |
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Definition
An estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the statistic
Example: s/√n estimates σ/√n |
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Term
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Definition
| An observed effect that is too large to be due to chance |
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Term
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Definition
| A distribution specified by degrees of freedom used to model test statistics where σ is unknown |
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Term
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Definition
| A number that summarizes the data for a test of significance and is used to obtain a P-value |
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Term
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Definition
Rejecting H0 when H0 is true
αRT (Rejecting when True) |
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Term
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Definition
Failing to reject H0 when H0 is false
βFF (Failing to reject when False) |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition where the mean of all possible statistic values equals the parameter that the statistic estimates |
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Term
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Definition
The square of standard deviation
Sample Variance=s2
Population Variance=σ2 |
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Term
| Relationship Between Alpha, Power, and Beta |
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Definition
Alpha is directly related to Power
Alpha and Power are inversely related to Beta |
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Term
| What is a t Distribution Robust Against? |
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Definition
| A t distribution is robust with respect to non-normality provided no outliers and no strong skewness |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of variation that we allow in our estimate due to random sampling |
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