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| observations and measurements you make on a material |
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| objective, subjective, precision and accuracy |
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objective - existing independently of perception
subjective - existing only as perceived
precision - measurement can be precise and be inaccurate
accuracy - measurement can be correct but not objective |
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| rectangular box of numbers |
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| process of assignment value or score to a material |
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| who proposed the 4 levels of measurement and what year? |
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| Stanley Smith Stevens, 1946 |
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| set interval between each category |
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| average, what occurs the most? |
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| add all up (sum) and divide by number |
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| Exploritory Data Analysis (EDA) |
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| more emphasis on visual displays of data |
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| no space between the bars |
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| what we use for archaeology dig sites |
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| Null hypothesis- what we DONT want... randomness/ no significance |
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| this is the hypothesis we want!!! |
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| accepting the Ho when it is false |
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| KS = k * √(n1 + n2) / (n1 * n2) |
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Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
Used to compare two cumulative distributions to see whether a sample of data has been drawn from a population which has a particular distribution. |
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Chi Square test
It works by testing a distribution observed in the field against some other distribution determined by H0. |
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| the Correlation Coefficient (r) |
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| the measure of extent to which data points are scattered around regression line. |
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| coefficient of determination r2 |
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| r = nΣxy - (Σx)(Σy) / √[nΣx2 - (Σx)2][nΣy2 - (Σy)2 |
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Product Moment Correlation Coefficient PMCC
calculating correlation coefficient
if both variables are measured on interval or ratio scale |
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Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient SRCC
calculating correlation coefficient
if one or both variables are measured on ordinal scale |
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inter = between/landscape
infra = within/site |
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| dimensional analysis of variance |
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Look at distributions
over a range of quadrat sizes from the basic
recording unit up to whole sites. |
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| triangle with lines through each center |
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| Nearest Neighbour Analysis NNA/ Clark & Evans |
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clustered
regular
random
extreme clustering |
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- Share the presence and absence of defined traits.
- share only some |
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| involves tables/ tree diagram- dendrogram |
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