Term
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Definition
| Concerned with the identification of groups of similiar objects under study |
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Term
| Typology/Classification within archaelogy and heritage? |
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Definition
| Practical and theorethical they can be Monothetic or Polythetic |
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Term
| What are the 4 points of good classification? |
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Definition
| objects belonging to the same tupe should be alike in some way, objects belonging to different types should be less alike than objects belonginf to the same type, types should be properly defined, able to decide which type a new object is. |
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Term
| What does Monothetic and Polythetic mean? |
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Definition
Monothetic= share the prescence and absence of defined traits.
Polythetic= Share the prescence and absence of only some defined traits. |
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Term
| What does the Mathematical approach (numerical taxonomy) consist of? |
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Definition
Artefact types should be defined in terms of patterns of association between attributes.
The measure of similiarity between the items and variables they are to be grouped.
They are objective in a sense. |
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Term
| How is the mathematical approach useful in a predominantly subjective area? |
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Definition
Helps to make the bases of our classification decisions more explicit.
Seeks order in large numbers of items, making the grouping process consistent rather than objective |
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Term
| What are the 5 advantages of Classification? |
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Definition
| Some artefact shapes are complex, Relationship between types is as important as the definition of types themselves and it is difficult to define this intuitively, Helps to smooth over disagreements and agreements, Mathematical, Discovery of 'real types' through statistical techniques. |
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Term
| What is the similiarity coefficent and clarke matrix? |
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Definition
| A way of measuring the similarity between polythetic object types. |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of coefficent? |
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Definition
| Presence/Absence, Ratio, 1 to 5 scale of prescence. |
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Term
| What are the differences between the Clarke methods and Jaccard coefficent? |
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Definition
| Clarke- shows both positive and negative matches, whilst jaccard only shows positive. |
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Term
| What are the 5 methods developed that calculate the matrix in coefficent? |
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Definition
| Clustering, Principal Components Analysis(PCA), Principal Coordinates Analysis(PCO), Nonmetric MultiDimensional Scaling(MDS), Correspondence Analysis (CA) |
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Term
| What the 2 main categories of Clustering and explain? |
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Definition
Partitioning= grouped in terms of similarity.
Heirarchical= a) Agglomerative- all items individuals, then grouped in terms of similiarity. B)Divisive- items in a single group, then divide according to some criteria. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 rules of single link clustering, producing a dendrogram from a simliarity matrix? |
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Definition
| Similiarity matrix is searched for the largest coefficent, The matrix is searched for the next largest coefficent, Next largest, Continues until complete. |
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